ATM System With VDM, Coursework Example

ATM Class Diagram

The first actor defines the customer enters in the premises of the bank’s ATM, the available options that can be initiated are ‘check balance’, ‘Deposit funds’, ‘Cash Withdrawal’ and ‘Funds Transfer’. The second actor defines a maintenance staff that also enters in the premises of the bank’s ATM and repair or pay a regular visit keep the ATM machine up and running. All of these functions are supported by the bank.

Software Development Life Cycle ATM

The formal software development life cycle methods are equal to formal specification and formal verification. Likewise, the formal method can be divided in to three components i.e. methodology for software development, formal verification may include logical calculus and formal notations is focused on specifications for writing. On the contrary, there are some limitations as well, such as facing difficulties in writing large scale codes, integration with common software development process is not up to the mark and modeling is not effective with the changing software properties.

Before selecting software for ATM machines, we have to consider the quality of the integrated bundles is that they give menu-driven front ends that take into account the making of ATM application. Likewise, there are other applications. The multi-featured bundles, for example, WebCT and TopClass, offer administration tools, evaluation tools, and other features.

There are essentially two choices regarding programming:

Segment, off-the-shelf programming that takes into consideration the making of audio slide lectures, course materials, discussion forums, animations, synchronous visit gatherings, test inventors, email, etc.

Incorporated packages contain various peculiarities however are deficient in other noteworthy zones. There are expectations to absorb information connected with either approach, and also cost and preparing issues.

Off-the-shelf component software

There are essentially two choices regarding programming:

(1) Segment, off-the-shelf programming that takes into consideration the making of slides, animations, synchronous visit gatherings, test inventors, email, etc.

(2) Incorporated packages contain various peculiarities however are deficient in other noteworthy zones. There are expectations to absorb information connected with either approach, and also cost and preparing issues.

Allows copying regular presentations i.e. integrated bundles, nonetheless, dependably give the same look and feel, and subsequently wanting to differentiate themselves from each other will think that it hard to do. Besides, these bundles are content based, and faculty wishing to incorporate audio slide/lectures, video animations or other imaginative attempts will be needed. Off-the-shelf component programming permits faculty to copy the style of the regular materials along with dialogue gatherings, and testing. What’s more, employees are at freedom to pick any of alternate parts said in this article and also exploring the boundless array of tools in the realm of intuitive media

ATM machines are considered to be a critical delivery channel for any financial institution. There is lot of changes that contributes to its evolution similar to any other computer system. Likewise, this evolving cycle also known as software development lifecycle incorporates the following stages:

First stage: concept, this stage involves the idea of how the system will work, cost benefit analysis etc.

Second Stage: Initial Design, this stage incorporates the design of the application that validates the feasibility for the system to be developed

Third Stage: Comprehensive Design, this stage incorporates all components of the system and the associated controls along with the screens. In addition, the components includes color and location as well

Design Stage: in this stage design is now finalized including all the details related to the Structure and Authorizing of the system and building the system to work properly.

 Operation & Maintenance: the system is run and maintained in order to provide lifetime services to the clients.

Modification: the system is developed according to the future advancements or as suitable by the technology experts.

Decommissioning: the system is disposed of as mentioned in the third stage. The extraordinary system that provides maximum operational performance can be made with the convenience of human factor

There are number of Human Factors that influence the performance of a system. The types of contributions made by Human Factors are illustrated in Table 1. In addition, the table shows clear lifecycle influenced by Human Factor for the ATM systems. The commencement of these involvements begins from the Concept stage. The Human Factors provides full support to the ATM projects. In addition, the support activities for every stage of ATM lifecycle depends on several factors such as, level of acute human association (e.g. safety critical functions), the innovation of the project, and the maximum human involvement required (during normal operations). The above mentioned factors are responsible for the enhanced performance related to ATM systems. Furthermore, the ATM systems are extremely cooperative system to humans and supportive to any changes made by human in operating systems. The ATM systems are developing at a rapid pace and thus there is high gradation of ‘novelty’. The timing of advancement in technology and the Human Factor involvement play a vital role in the novelty of ATM systems. If the timings mis-match then there are high impacts on the performance and structure of the system is identified. Therefore, the human system configuration needs to be reviewed and analyzed according to the impact. Following are the alterations can be made such as, sustaining interruptions to the program or extra cost for re designing. Similarly, the same situation is experienced previously in the nuclear power engineering, gas and oil industries.

Typical Human Factors Inputs to the System Life Cycle (not industry?specific)

Concept

System/HF Issues:

What are the responsibilities of Human and appliance? Describe the responsibilities of both human and Machine.

HF Inputs:

The data is collected on the human versus machine advantages. These advantages are collected on the basis of human operating factors. The structures are figured out for the human and machine combined operating systems. In addition, the automation principles are classified, mentioning human as a center point.

Preliminary Design

System/HF Issues: The number of staff and their responsibilities along with the layout of equipment and working conditions. Moreover, the identification of type of controls and screens is also required.

HF Inputs: Analysis of activities and workload along with number of staff needs to be determined. Evaluation of prototypes and research is required for facilitating and constructing new controls and screens.

Detailed Design

System/HF Issues: Precise proportions and a friendly GUI for the working conditions. Moreover, a requirement of human reliability assessment is required along with proposed changes.

HF Inputs: A comprehensive guidance on Human Machine Interface associated with features of the interface. Likewise, prediction on environmental measurements along with HRA technology is also evaluated.

Modification

System/HF Issues: identification of impact on the performance due to human excessive workload. These changes need to be scrutinized and analyzed according to the latest technological advancements.  

HF Inputs: there are several methods that can be utilized to identify the impact on performance by human factor. These methods are simulation techniques, the HRA tactic, task evaluation and human factor evaluation.

Decommissioning

System/HF Issues: the training sessions are re designed and further development is needed according to the latest technological changes.

HF Inputs: analyzing and evaluating of assignment and challenges is advised.

ATM Constraints

The constraints for ATM may include (O’Neill, 2013):

• Forgetting of ATM personal identification number, as the card holder may not be able to use the debit card
• The system may be down and not available
• Currency notes are not available
• Training is required for operating the ATM machine
• The cards are sometimes eaten by the ATM machine causing delays in getting the required funds
• Three wrong attempts of the PIN may block the debit card
• There may be situations where the person standing beside you may see that how much cash is being withdrawn
• Hackers can retrieve the codes from the magnetic strips once inserted in the altered ATM machine

References

O’Neill, C. P. (2013). Bank Security. (cover story). New Jersey Banker, , 20-22.