The Three CS of Lydia Hall, Coursework Example

Nursing Theory and Practices

There are many different nursing theories, each with a different concept about nursing, depending on the theorist. For a pediatric home health nurse, Care, Cure, Core Theory marches the values and goals for the nurse perfectly. Lydia Hall developed this theory, and it’s also known as ‘The Three Cs of Lydia Hall’ (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 12). By using her knowledge and experience, the theorist developed a theory with independent concepts that form an interconnected circle, core, care, and cure. The focus in the circle refers to the patient, for instance, the child in this case. They are the goals that the patient has set that make him or her behave in a certain way. Cure refers to the medical attention that the nurse is intended to give to the patient as a professional. The pediatric nurse in this theory intervenes on the health of the patient by taking appropriate actions of treatment on the illness the child patient is suffering from to achieve recovery. The pediatric nurse should work together with other health professionals to ensure the patient receives the right kind of treatment. The care refers to the role the nurse has to play, that is, nurturing the patient’s well-being. The nurse is intended to be motherly, that is, assist the patient as much as possible, ensure the patient is comfortable, and do what the patient instructs according to how he/ she feels, ensuring the patient’s needs are met.

Excellent Nursing Practices

For a pediatric nurse using the care, cure, core theory, excellent nursing practices are expected. The nurse applies the approach by explaining the pathology of the patient, the procedures expected to be performed, the complications or side effects that may be expected, the care needed from a nurse, time taken for medication, consulting with the patient on how best to administer the treatment(Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 15). The patient information is necessary as it enables fast action to be taken on the treatment, ensures that the patient is comfortable it, and familiarizes the nurse with the patient and the disorder; thus, proper treatment is administered. It also makes the nurse confident in carrying out the patient care duty, making it safer and efficient.

Professional Practice Nursing Theory

The use of professional practice nursing theory or model acts as a guide for nursing practice helping the nurses flourish in their career by providing the necessary care needed by the patient which benefits the workplace image, the reputation of the nurse and most importantly the recovery of the patient (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 19). The professional practice theory on nursing guidelines includes honesty, where the nurse is expected to tell the patient nothing but the truth and develop an open conversation with them. The pediatric nurse should uphold excellence in treating and caring for the patient. Upholding advocacy, that is, caring for the patient on his/ her best interest. Teaming up with other health professionals, as well as the patient, is expected to ensure efficiency in the treatment. Respecting the patient’s choices, considering the opinions of others, and adopting them if they are effective. The nurse should also be compassionate, that is an act with kindness and care for the patient and others.   The theory also helps the a pediatric nurse to use care, cure, core theory as well as practice excellent nursing.

Historical Nursing Figures

The nurses in the back in history laid a strong foundation for modern nursing today. Their work has remained a reference for the nurses, making it possible to develop nursing, making it better than before. Mary Seacole is one of the famous figures in the nursing field. Her contributions were in the 19^th century when she worked as a nurse volunteer during the Crimean War (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 28). After she applied for a nursing job but denied a chance to work by the War Office, she used her finances to go to the War to care for the wounded soldiers. In 1850, she was remembered for caring and treating Jamaican patients after a cholera outbreak epidemic (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 31). Florence Guinness Blake is a 20^th-century famous figure as she is the pioneer of professional nursing education in the United States (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 44). Her passion for becoming a nurse in her childhood drove her to pursue pediatric nursing and motivated her to make the nursing education system better. She revolutionized nursing education, especially for pediatric nursing. United States nurses received training in a hospital, which was sort of informal. The training and the nursing diplomas were meant to meet the high demands of nurses need in various hospitals where the health professionals were insufficient. Florence made the nursing education system formal, which has been a significant contribution to the improvement of nursing education in institutions up to date.

The difference in contribution

Mary Seacole’s contribution to nursing is different from that of Florence. Mary’s significant contribution was helping the wounded soldiers on the battlefield and those affected by cholera in Jamaica, that is, treating and caring for the sick at any cost (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 49). Florence, on the other hand, the contribution was improving the education systems for the nursing students to enhance their skills in treating and caring for the patients, especially pediatric nurses.

Description of Historical Figures

Both Mary Seacole’s and Florence Blake’s contributions as nurses influence the candidates’ practice as a nurse differently. For Mary, the candidate is influenced to provide the care and treatment needed to the patient at any cost (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 56). Blake influences the nurse to act professional, use the deep taught knowledge and skills as a pediatric nurse to care for the patient.

State Board of Nursing versus the American Nurses Association (ANA)

The professional roles and values are different for the two, State Board of Nursing (BON)’s has the authority to enforce laws, on the other hand, American Nurses Association (ANA) has no such authority, the only authority it has is recommending activities that BON has to adopt or those that nursing boards have taken long to incorporate (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 71). The second difference is that BON is a state-owned organization agency with an elected board of directed comprising of nurses and others. At the same time, ANA is a private organization agency comprising of professional membership, governed by a board of directors elected by the members. BON has no say on the bills to be passed by the legislature, cannot practice lobbying or include in policymaking duties. At the same time, the ANA, as well as other nursing associations, act as the America nurses voice, ensuring that the nurses in the association are empowered and receive high-quality healthcare skills through education, research, advocacy, leadership, and practice, represents its members in the legislature, carry out lobbying and participate in policymaking for the best interest of the members. State board of Nursing work to protect the public by restricting unqualified nurses from attending to them, therefore, ensuring that the patients are attended by qualified and competent nurses and help the nurses attain legal authorization by the acquisition of licenses (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 78). American Nurses Association helps the nurses improve on their careers by offering them opportunities to advance their education, educational training, and conferences, certification, and competencies that align with their roles.

 Roles of Organizations

The Boards of Nurses are regulated to carry out nursing practice regulation by issuing licensure to the nurses and approving the education programs associated with nursing. It investigates the nursing practice act lawbreakers and enacts disciplinary action against those violating it.  The role of the American Nursing Association is to make the nursing profession better by giving suggestions on advanced ways to carry out nursing practices. This would be of great value if integrated into the code of conduct for nurses.

America Nursing Association code of ethics includes: “The nurse should act with compassion and respect as per one’s dignity, worth and different attributes” (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 81). The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient; she/ he promotes, protects the rights and advocates for the patient’s safety and health. The nurse is accountable and responsible for nursing practice. She/ he should preserve a good character and integrity, competence and ensure continuity of personal and professional growth. By ensuring that the nurses uphold the ethical guidelines, the values of nursing are maintained. The ANA believes that advocacy plays a considerable part in nursing. Advocating for nurses with the legislature and other decision-makers ensures that the voices of nurses are hard and that their suggestions are applied during decision making.

Professional License Renewal and Maintenance

For the nurse candidate, in this case, the nursing license is from the Arizona State Board of Nursing. License renewal is done online through the Ariana State Board of the Nursing portal (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 90). The renewal is done every four years at a fee of 160 dollars, and CEU is an essential requirement. Failure to maintain the licensing requirements calls for disciplinary actions such as being fined and having to pay for penalties, separation from work, among others, and the current license could be terminated.

Compact versus Noncompact State

For Arizona, it is a Nurse Compact State at the levels of RN and PN. NCL permits a nurse to have only one compact license in his/ her state, and it’s allowed across state lines in NLC states.

Food and Drug Administration Functions versus the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).

The primary function of the agency is to ensure the protection of public health by making sure safety, human and veterinary drug security, efficacy, medical equipment, and biological products are in the right position (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 101). Also, ensure that the food supply of the nation is safe, cosmetics, and products emitting radiation are safe. CMS, on the other hand, oversees medical programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, and federal health insurance (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 109). It collects the health data and analyses it, researches and provides relevant reports, and aims to sustain friendlessness and eliminate abuse and biases in the healthcare fields.

Ensuring the safety of the food, drugs, and health devices ensure the candidate gives the patient correct treatment, and efficiency is maintained in doing so. By regulating and eliminating fraud and ensuring there is no abuse of power, CMS protects the nurse from being abused at workplaces (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 119).

Nurses’ role as a Patient Advocate.

A patient advocate is someone who takes them through the healthcare system. Nurses in many cases act as the patients advocate by helping them in making decisions on their health, explaining to them some complex medical terminologies and systems and mostly offering their support on the decision the patient make even if its alternative of what the nurse thought was best for the patient (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 121). The nurse should ensure the patient wants to follow a decision by asking them if they are sure about it, then offer the patient the support needed.

The nursing practice act refers to “the permission granted by a given state meant to protect those in need of safe nursing care and competent nursing practices“ (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 137). As a nurse, the act ensures that one is qualified and competent before being issued with a license to work, providing efficiencies and public safety.

The scope of practice in nursing refers to the roles, responsibilities, functions, and activities involved with being a registered nurse that they are well familiar with and authorized to perform. As an RN in Arizona, the scope of practice is significant in assessing the patient. The difference between `the scope of practice’ and `nursing practice act` is that, to the extent, it gives the range of responsibilities the licensed nurses should do. In contrast, for nursing practices act ensures that the candidate nurse is qualified to be licensed (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 144).

The role of Effective Delegation

The following encompasses the rules for delegations in Arizona State: The nurse remains accountable and responsible for nursing practices provision, the nurse can delegate the implementation of activity only, RN should delegate to UAP or LNA as per the patient’s condition, communication individualization by the nurse on UAP/LNA delegation and client condition, A two-way communication process should always be established(Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 165). Steps that need to be followed by RN on deciding on the task to be delegated include: Identifying the tasks to be delegated as per the client wish, identifying the right nurse to carry out the task, ensuring competence by the workforce, assigning and supervising the work, communicating report to the client, scheduling the work, evaluating the delegated work and making the necessary changes to obtain efficiency. The RN can only delegate to a health care worker who is approved of having the required skills for safe work performance. Other responsibilities of RN include managing the clients’ cases, supervising nurses, and other healthcare workers and deals with controlling infections, among other health care improvements.

A nurse scientist role helps in the identification of research questions, designing and conducting scientific studies, going to the field to collect and analyses data, and developing a report is the baseline (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 171). A nurse should have the detective qualities to know the root problem for a client or patient, thus know how to care and treat him/ her. By using a healing environment manager role, the nurse can create a pleasant environment for the patient to heal by creating positive feelings and reducing the patient’s anxiety and stress, which accelerates the healing process.

The ANA codes of ethics provide that “the nurse practices compassionately and respectfully for the inborn dignity, worth and different unique characters of everyone” (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 181). “The nurse is to respect human dignity, create a good relationship with each patient, understand the nature of health, to be self-determinant and uphold good relations with fellow workmates and others” (Malloch, & Porter-O’Grady, 2010, p 182).  It also provides that ‘’the nurse’s advocates and protects the rights relating to health and safety of the patient. They protect privacy and confidentiality rights, research human participants, perform standards and review mechanisms, promote culture and security as their professional responsibility, act on questionable practices to protect the patients and ensure their safety, and look at patients’ protection and impaired practices.

The leadership traits of excellent nursing include integrity, dedication to excellence, respect, mentorship, and excellent communication skills. Integrity is significant as it aids in making fast and the right decisions in times of a patient’s critical condition. Winning the respect of the workers is essential as it helps in cooperation in handling different health cases. By mentoring the trainees, the leaders create a continuous learning environment. Establishing excellent communication across all levels of workers, which helps in building teamwork.

Work Environment

Nursing leadership becomes easier where the working environment is pleasant, and the workers are treated right. Decision making is fast and easer in a working environment where workers contribute to the decision-making process, and there is shared governance. Developing one’s profession is made possible by the working environment offering opportunities for competence growth through educational seminars and other educational aid.

A medication error can be defined as a mistake made by a nurse while performing any phase of the medication process such as prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, administering, monitoring, and reporting. Medication errors usually strikes the heart of being a nurse and how they value responsibility in regard to doing good and also their ways of avoiding harm. Making an error while practicing nursing can be a challenge to many in the profession. It sometimes lead to criticism even though it was a mere mistake. However the American Nurses Association is an organization that represents all the registered nurses to ensure that they are shielded from unnecessary criticism and well as ensuring that they maintain high standards of nursing practice.

Reference

Malloch, K., & Porter-O’Grady, T. (Eds.). (2010). Introduction to evidence-based practice in nursing and health care. Jones & Bartlett Learning.https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=G688XqkaJhEC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=nursing+theory+and+practice+at+Arizona+State+Board+of+Nursing&ots=_F0qYSiyFY&sig=YYOvYPSPjp050x6MDGM88ECmd3o