Allied Occupation, Essay Example

How did the Allied Occupation (1945-52) contribute to the transformation of Japan into a Cold War ally of the United States?

The Allied Occupation (1945-52) brought more changes to Japan than at any other time since the beginning of the Meiji period. Broad arrays of economic and political reforms were initiated by General George MacArthur, who was in charge of the occupation during this time. A major catalyst for change, the 1947 constitution, helped transform Japan into a Cold War ally of the United States.

The 1947 Constitution granted universal suffrage, established a democratic government structure, transferred sovereignty from the emperor to the people, and guaranteed the right of labor unions to exist. Under this new constitution, a provision was also put in place under which Japan renounced both war and the right to maintain land, sea, and air forces. A myriad of other initiatives associated with educational and economic reforms were also designed to strengthen the political objectives of the Allied Occupation. Examples of a few initiatives of this type include such things as creating large numbers of small farmers, and even removing some of the higher level bureaucrats from leadership positions who were associated with Japan’s former government. However, by the late 1940’s, Japan’s economy began a downturn. To complicate matters, China began to pose a potential communist threat causing a shift in emphasis by the Americans. The focus began to turn to one concentrated on economic recovery and the utilization of Japan as an ally against communism. Despite the economic turmoil, Japan had a stable, democratic government by the end of the occupation in 1952.

The contributions of support and guidance throughout this time period led to a staunch relationship between Japan and the United States. Internationally, Japan was a staunch ally of the US in the Cold War, even developing substantial air, sea, and ground defensive forces because of American pressure. As the occupation ended, Japan was beginning to enjoy its economic miracle of recovery, which would continue to be impressive in the years to come. Political stability in Japan led to better economics and a strong alliance between these two countries.