Arab Identity and Ideology in Sudan, Essay Example

Supporting Statement

Based on CEO’s statement that globalization was working, it is clear that since 1986, Italy has gradually been integrating with the global economy. By examining the effects of globalization on employment and wages in Italy the following are evident.  The effects of globalization have been difficult to segregate and evaluate hypothetically and empirically due to its multi-faceted nature. With an attempt to analyze the effects of employment and employees’ wages by looking at what happened before, during and after globalization in Italy information and data were mainly gathered through secondary sources. The results of the analysis shows that globalization of  economy in Italy through various economic reforms, such as deregulation and privatization has led to downsizing of employment in civil service thereby compounding the prevalent job queuing in Italy. The collapse of some of the private sector firms has also led to retrenchment of workers following stiff competition from import after liberalization thereby increasing both rural and urban unemployment in Italy. There is also the problem of increased income disparity in the country. Conclusively, it appears that there is a wide gap between earnings of the skilled and unskilled workers in the country which clearly portrays the potential outcome for society.

Decision Making

Decision analysis describes a rational, consistent way to come up with decisions. The first factor is that uncertainty is a consequence of our incomplete knowledge of the world. In some cases, uncertainty can be partially or completely resolved before decisions are made and resources committed. In many instances, important cases which requires full information are simply not available, partially available or too costly (in time, money, or other resources) to obtain. Even though this insight may appear obvious, we are aware of circumstances in business world and in personal life where people seem to deny the existence of uncertainty. In order to justify investments without any consideration of uncertainty, time and effort are spent to resolve uncertainties irrelevant to the decision at hand. And this list could of course be greatly extended to cover other areas. It is therefore important to put emphasize on uncertainties in making business and personal decisions.

The second key insight is that there is a difference between good decisions and good results. Good results are what we desire, whereas good decisions are what we can do to maximize the likelihood of having good results. Given the unavoidable uncertainty in the world, a good decision must sometimes have bad results. It is no more realistic to punish the maker of a good decision for a bad result than it is to reward the maker of a bad decision for a good result. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to associate bad results with bad decisions because Majority types of routine decisions have little uncertainty about outcomes.  Uncertainty is a fact of life in today’s world. In business and in personal life, there is an almost universal realization that few things can be included as certain, at least in the long run. In the business world, recessions  and depressions come and go, competition  and market demands comes up with new and unexpected challenges. Technology, market expectations and consumer preferences are some of the changes that we see in the business world today. Seemingly, accidents or labor problems unexpectedly interrupt business decisions.  Lawsuits on the other hand threaten the existence of the company, and so on. Contrastingly, this is true in personal life as well. How will a new job or personal relationship work out in this case?  What are suitable investments against the future? In both areas, the list of uncertainties can be expanded indefinitely. Pointing out clearly about these uncertainties helps to plan better, to make better decisions, or to communicate better about plans and decisions is important. The key to thinking and communicating clearly about uncertainty is the use of probabilities to describe uncertainty.

Ethnic personalities provide meaning and image to the country.  The issues about ethnicity must be approached in a constructive and productive manner. On acknowledging the part of ethnic identities, however, we must be ready to grapple with these questions in our minds: Due to the worldwide presence of multi-ethnicity, states need not to overlook its impacts in business. As we examine the issue of ethnicity, we can’t avoid thinking about the following questions: By what means would we manage the clash between the majority and the minority groups? What concept of the common good assume in the midst of financial disparities exist between ethnic groups?  These inquiries might be used successfully so far in recognizing that each ethnic group has a voice in shaping the political decisions of the planet. However, the strength and quality of ethnicity is a two-edged sword. Ethnic identity, on one hand, when manipulated, can be the principle reason for inside issues associated with disregard to human rights, prosperity and social equity. If appropriated properly, on the other hand, ethnic characters might make great elements needed in the acknowledgment of the ideal civil society, political integration and common good.

Many at times, ethnocentrism uncovers itself in the manifestation by claiming oppressiveness against the interest country.  Additionally, the issue of ethnocentrism may be identified with those complaints from citizens, absence of political consensus, budgetary unreliability and the absence of a agreed-upon idea of those basic good. While ethnicity cannot in itself form the basis of modern social organization, its possibility in molding social solidarity can’t be overlooked. Such insistence aides to fathom citizenship concerning illustration while maintaining ethnic differences. The results of failing to recognize the gravity of ethnic identity has led to political instability, civil unrest and long-term wars between countries. Those disappointments that distinguish those forces of ethnic personality will proceed to incite political instability. Ethnocentrism therefore is not as a result of primordial shared sentiments or sentiments that hinder unification but instead it’s as a result of issue from claiming inadequate structural joining.   What’s more thereby magnification those circumstances from claiming common distress found on numerous nations. African states for example have failed to adjust ethnic identification in favor of the national identity while at the same time not undermining the diversity of ethnic identities.

My View

I support the CEO’s view with the following explanations. First, Uncertainty should be well considered when making both personal decisions and business. So called good decisions do not base on pure intuition but on objective analysis of the fact and decent decision-making process. Secondly, ethnocentrism is an important factor to consider in decision making. The challenge of integrating cultural identities in the processes of political integration and democratization is closely related to the problematic concepts of nation-state, citizenship, and common good.

Work Cited

Heather J. Sharkey, “Arab Identity and Ideology in Sudan: The Politics of Language, Ethnicity, and Race,” African Affairs 107, 426 (December, 2007) 21-43, at 39.

Mahmood Mamdani, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary world and the Legacy of Late Colonialism (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996) 185.

Abner Cohen, The Politics of Elite Culture: Explorations in the Dramaturgy of Power in a Modern African Society (Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1981) 220.