Autoimmune Disorders, Research Paper Example

Autoimmune disorders among pediatric patients with type one diabetes.

This report bases on the autoimmune disorders that is not only common in adolescent but also in the children with diabetes disorder of type 1. It also features the prevalence from the clinical journal study by  J.Kriem MD^a, P.Jenniongs CPNP^b,  B. Dekelbab MD ^a,b, and the main hospitals involved were the a St. John Hospital & Medical Center, Detroit, MI and William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI.

Introduction

Considerably, it is worth to note that diabetes type I (TID), is considered as an autoimmune disease, in addition, it is associated with other autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT), represented in 15-30% and in 15-30 of TID, patients as well as the Celiac disease (CD) in 4-9% are among the common witnessed disorders. Precisely, each one of the above disorder is associated with organ specific autoantibody and when the above antibodies are measured, can aid in detecting the autoimmunity before clinical disease development.

American Diabetes Association did research and recommended that TSH should be measured at the following times; at the diagnosis, a patient with any symptoms of thyroid disease, and at every 1-2 years of a diabetes patient. However, the current recommendation states that it is necessary to obtain autoantibodies at the period of diabetes diagnosis with the symptoms of CD disease.

Objectives

The main objective is to; to examine the clinical features and the prevalence of the autoimmune disorders in adolescents and children with TID in southeast Michigan.

Methods

Notably, the main methods used for the above study was; the review of the medical records of adolescents as well as children with TID using the retrospective review method. More so, the above groups of patients should be in a following process, by not only the pediatric endocrinology but also the William Beaumont Hospital and the St. John and Medical Center.

Inclusion criteria

Here the William Beaumont Hospital and the St. John and Medical Center did the inclusion on all TID adolescent and children who are on a following process. Further, the TID adolescents and children who have not been seen for more than 2 years for a follow up, and the adolescents and children with Diabetes type 2 will be included.

Data sources and data collection methods

Data from the diabetic centers identified for the research study should provide information relevant to the research. The patients who have had diabetes type one for a number of years, their medication should be achieved for the study. The study will involve processes like experimentation and testing at the same time exposing the patients to tough conditions. Hospitals and families will be used in conducting the studies concerning the relationship between type 1 diabetes and other related disorders. In the studies, scientific research will be used in carrying out studies and aid in gearing in the effort at the same time. In collecting data, participants were given questionnaires to fill concerning their health status and how the disorder has affected their current health as well.

Apparently, the collected data was as follows; date of birth, Gender, race, celiac panel, and biopsy if present, TSH, T4 and thyroid Antibodies as well as other disorders present.

Results

Considerably, the number of total patients was 380 their ages being in a bracket range of one year to 20 years, and the results shown below

Demographics

The total number of patients was 380 and tabulated as follows; male were 199, which represents 52%, and 181 female representing 48% of the whole total.

Type 1 DM and Thyroid Dysfunction

Total patients here are 380, and it is noted that 308 of them were tested which constituted to 81 percent, and those who were not tested were72, and 19 in percentage.

Type 1 DM and Thyroid Dysfunction

After the above research and methodologies, the study revealed that 34 Pts with abnormal TSH were witnessed in the male and women as follows. Considerably, the study involved 14 male and 20 female. The results illustrates that there were 24 Caucasian, 2AA, 1 other and it was documented among the seven races. According to the result, it was noted that six of them had Celiac disease, which represented 18%

The graph below illustrates the Celiac disease and IDM type of the disorder.

The total number of patients tested were 308,and 132 of them were tested, representing 35%,while 248 were not tested which as well represented 65% of the whole total.uniquely,24,which is 18 % to those tested were found to be positive.

According to the result after the study, it revealed that 24 patients were suffering from the Celiac screen as follows: 12 of them were male and also 12 of them were female. Further 21 were Caucasian, and three races not documented, moreover it is noted that six patients hade thyroid disease which represented 25 % of the total, and all the six documented in the biopsies chat were positive.

Associated disorders

Among the patients who had abnormal TSH, it is discovered that 11 of them had also other disorders. Most of the disorders were the psychiatric ones as the anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Either those patients who had celiac disease, it was noted that two of them had depression also.

Conclusion

Prior to the above research, it is evident that there is increased risk of the celiac disease and thyroid problems mostly among the diabetes patients. More so, the above study clarified the fact that the incident of thyroid problems equals to national data. Further, it is worth to note that the incidence of celiac disease is considerably higher than the reported issue in the national data. Another noted factor is that, the clinical suspicion is not necessary enough for national reliance. To curb it all, despite the fact that the study was completed; it is distressing to note that the whole study was retrospective, that is, not all the data needed was present. Another problem we encountered was problem in documentations as well as a situation of missing data.