Cancer, Research Paper Example

Background

 Exposure Characterization

In exposure characterization, relevant and credible data are considered to describe the sources of stressors, the distribution of stressors in the environment, and the co-occurrence or contact of stressors with ecological receptors. An exposure profile is developed that identifies receptors and exposure pathways, describes the intensity of exposure, provides information on the spatial and temporal extent of the exposure, and presents a conclusion about the likelihood that exposure will occur ^[3] . Moreover, discussion about the possible sources of uncertainty in the exposure profile should be included.

Overview of Cancer

A mutagen is a substance or agent that induces heritable change in cells or organisms whereas A carcinogen is a substance that induces unregulated growth processes in cells or tissues of multicellular animals, leading to the disease called cancer. There are various ways in which cancer can be treated, they include; Surgery which main aim is to remove cancer, chemotherapy which uses drugs to get rid of cancer cells, radiation therapy which uses high power energy beams such as X-rays to kill cancer cells, bone marrow transplant and immunotherapy^[2] .  Cancer prevention should be given a priority in the human heath since it is one the diseases that leading in causing of deaths. Some agent like dust can cause lung cancer.

Literature Review

The article is all about cancer causal agents. The researchers found that exposure to radiation increases the rates of one getting cancer, and the risks increases as the dose increases. The more the dose increases the more chances of risks increases. Conversely, cancer risk from radiation exposure declines as the dose falls: the lower the dose, the lower the risk ^[4]. The relationship between the cancer and the radiation exposure are commonly based on the population that is exposed to relatively high level of ionizing radiation. As a results of radiation exposure are indistinguishable from those that occur naturally or as a result of exposure to other chemical carcinogens ^[5]. There are various implications for human health which includes; Anemia, appetite loss, bleeding and bruising, constipation, delirium, diarrhea, Edema, Fatigue and etc.

References

Steenland, K. Lead and cancer in humans: where are we now?. American journal of industrial medicine; 2000.

Lam, T Linkage study of cancer risk among lead-exposed workers in New Jersey. Science of the total environment; 2007.

Gaudet, M. Blood levels of cadmium and lead in relation to breast cancer risk in three prospective cohorts. International journal of cancer;; 2019.

Anttila, A. Risk of nervous system cancer among workers exposed to lead. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine; 1996.

Fayerweather, W. Case?control study of cancer risk in tetraethyl lead manufacturing. American journal of industrial medicine; 1997.