Deception in Islam: Taqiyya, Tawriya, Kitman and Muruna, Essay Example

The world was confronted with the horrors of terrorism again in the early days of the new 2015 year. Many were not prepared for the series of events that would trigger fear, disgust, protests, unity, and a radical movement to surge in the forefront. The events of those that unfolded in France have brought race and culture to the main topic on just about everyone’s minds. PEGIDA or PatriotischeEuropaergegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes (Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamization of the West) is a movement that has begun to pick up steam. Before the events in France, the PEGIDA movement was slowly growing, but with the murder of 12 comic writers from Charlie Hebdo from the hands of extremists, the group has gained momentum. The group represents an organization that feels that with the recent growth of Salafism, which is a radical form of Islam within the country, has caused great tensions with residents and Muslims. Many might feel that the group poses as a hate group. However, PEGIDA expresses that they are a politically conservative, pro-Judeo Christian group, which encourages law, philosophy, and traditional culture. While that might sit right with many people that might feel that the organization stands for something differently, the purpose of this essay is to show how PEGIDA is a warning to combat the Islamization of the western democratic republics. In doing so, this paper will touch on the rise of extreme Islamization, as well as the cultural clash between Germans and Muslims.

Germany has traditionally taken a lax approach to immigration, as they stood on the wrong side of history during the early wars, which they do not want to be in conflict with any nations. Germany’s borders sit between the borders of North Africa and Middle East, which are traditionally Muslim countries. Germany within the past year has accepted 200,000 immigrants seeking refuge from Syria. However what seems to be the growing problem in German, as well as other countries in Europe is that many are being inundated with refugees and asylum-seekers trying to escape war torn or destitute situations. The rapidly number of increasing Muslim population is no small matter. Just five years ago the number of Muslims in Europe was numbered at 44.1 million, and the number is expected to steadily increase. (Pew, 2011) Experts show that by 2030, the number is expected to increase by 8 percent, however the population of Europe is also increasing, so the Muslim population will relatively small. While most of the Muslim population is stationed in Eastern Europe, much of the Muslim population will spread to other parts of Europe within the next two decades. Such as Southern, Western, and Northern Europe, Germany, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom. While the population of Muslims is posed to decline overall from the lack of fertility, and other cultural changes in Europe, still many feel that it is cause for alarm. Europe has seen a mass migration of the Muslim population, as it has greatly impacted the job market, as well as the housing situations. Much of the diversity in the Europe culture is from the immigration of Muslims. Globalization has a lot do with the changes in cultures, but also it has brought some negative feelings.

In Germany, there are currently 4.7 million Muslims, which is about the similar population of Muslims in France, as well as most countries in the European Union. Within Germany the number is expected to go up less than 10 percent, however, many people feel as if the number is increasing by too much too soon. According to a poll from Ipsos Mori social research institute, it showed that a majority of Europeans believed that more Muslims live in the country than they actually do. (Duffy and Stannard 2014) “People across just about all countries hugely overestimate the proportion of their population that are Muslim: the average guess across the countries is 16% when the actual proportion is 3%.” (Duffy and Stannard 2014) Muslims immigrants are predominantly from Turkey, Eastern Europe, North Africa, and Middle East.

Germany in 2013 overtook the United States as taking in the highest number of asylum seekers that are Muslim. However in Europe the rising anti-Muslim sentiment is becoming contagious. With Islam becoming a growing fear for many Europeans, there has been much pushback against the new immigrants. This has led to a rise in right-wing movements that have been dubbed extreme, as they have been gaining steam due in part to the Charlie Hebdo attacks. However, such disposition has been brewing across Europe for the past few years. In Germany, Bertelsmann Foundation a non-profit, conducted a survey in 2013 in which show that Islam is viewed by many Europeans as incompatible with the views of the West.  This included more than half of Germany, and over two-thirds of respondents in Spain. (Pickel, 2013) The conducted survey even showed that more than half of Germany’s non-Muslims saw Islam as a threat.  According to Pickel (2013),

“While the high threat perception in Israel is understandable in view of the country’s political situation, the relatively high levels of mistrust in Spain, Switzerland, the USA, and Germany can be explained only by a combination of experiences of terrorism, media reporting, and domestic integration problems.” (Pickel, 2013, pg. 28)

Even those European countries that hold the smallest number of Muslim population, hold the strongest stereotypes, mainly negative about Islam. Within the Western world Islamophobia is rapid. The problem is that while many of the population agree that Islamic culture has had an enriching impact on their own culture, the perceived stereotypes cause’s cultures to clash in certain parts of Europe. This has regarded that many Germans do not feel at home because of Germany’s propensity for Islamization in the country. The growing fear has sparked much protests in the form of PEGIDA as well as other movements. While PEGIDA has formed many protests as their numbers continue to rise, it has also brought a handful of protests to denounce the presence of PEGIDA, as they believe they breed xenophobia. What many might find surprising is the diverse characters that are involved in the PEGIDA movements. Within the protests, you can find Neo-Nazis, young academics with children, middle-class pensioners, or ordinary homemakers. The demographic makeup is so diverse that many are trying to understand the allure of the social movement.

There have been many recent attacks and examples that show some radical Muslims that follow the extreme parts of Islam are getting out of hand in Germany. Many of these problems have led to more and more Germans following the words of the PEGIDA movement. Looking at the research that point to the Muslims being a part of the group of immigrants that commit the most crimes in Europe. To reports of Muslims attacking other Christians in churches with violence or with slurs. Other instances is of a German being stabbed in the back while wishing a pair of Muslim women well. (Pamela Geller, 2014) There has also be instance on in cultural violence, mostly against women in the Muslim culture. Instances in which a Muslim woman was beaten for buying from another Christian, to punishing a woman for participating in the Christian holiday. While many other cultures are prone to committing crimes against others, the problems arises in the extremity in which many radical Islamists commit these heinous crimes. Car bombs, suicide bombers, shooting rampages, and other ludicrous methods in which radicals commit violence differ from normative behavior of criminals. At the heart of the matter is the indoctrination of the youth and young children that they will continue to pass on to future generations. The cycle of hate and extreme violence is what sparks much fear in many people’s minds. When political talking pieces or politicians asks for Muslim leaders, or others within the religion to come out to condemn Jihads, or other radical Muslims of their faith, many choose not to. It is not a matter of having to take responsibility for all of the extremists that commit the heinous crimes around the world, but it is an act of solidarity that officials would like in voicing their disapproval of the actions of their fellow religious members.

What many are not aware of in the Muslim faith is the rule of Hurriyya, which offers Islamic understanding of freedom. According to the Hurriyya, that don’t hold the same principles as those in the West about freedom, in which serves as fundamental concept  for political reasons that are rallied for great causes. Instead, Muslims are expected to be subordinate to their own freedom to the customs, morality, and beliefs of the group. They are not expected to exercise any free choice, as governmental authority relies on no individual participation. “Accordingly, a Sufi mystic philosopher, Ibn al-Arabi (1165–1240), defined hurriyya as “slavery to God,” namely freedom from everything but God.” (Jrank, n.d) What others can perceive from hurriyya is that Muslims are the perfect slaves to Allah the master. Muslims follow under the Taqiyya and the Tawria, Islamic doctrines in which permit lying in certain circumstances. This means that they give double speak, or meanings to words with the intent on deceiving others by concealing what they actually mean. Lastly in the Muslim faith is Kitman, in which is intended to is a part of Hiyal a subfield of Islamic jurisprudence which entails the art of deception. This includes reserving personal opposition by paying lip service to authority, and the art of statements made ambiguously. Al of these doctrines are used in concealing an individual’s religious affiliation in order to avoid oppression or persecution. However, each are used in different ways, Muruna is another concept used in deceit, as it is used temporarily when the Sharia is suspended. While Kitman is used from the deceit by omission, Tawriya is used in ambiguity, while the Taqiyya is used in spreading Islam to non-Muslims. According to research:

“Muslims, on the other hand, show no discernible signs when they are being deceitful because there is no feeling of guilt. In their minds they are doing exactly what Allah wants them to do to advance Islam.” (Burton, 2014)

This had led to much opposition in which many believe that Muslims in general are deceitful even if it is just a handful of those that follow these doctrines.

What the controversial debate is, are these views unfounded. Europol found that there was a fundamental increase in arrests for terrorism that was religiously inspired. The number spiked in 2013 at 216, from 2012 with 159 arrests. The question arises should PEGIDA be shouted down as a group that spreads anti-Muslim or Islamic atmosphere, or should politicians criticize the protests. No less than 30 percent of all Germans say PEGIDA’s worries are authentic. The progressing question about whether the Alternative for German (Afd) has it establishes in German standard society or whether it is essentially a xenophobic political gathering is going to be settled. A considerable number of parts of the new party are riffraff rousers masked as upstanding nationals. The way that the Afd, whose ubiquity surged over its euro skepticism, figures out how to score with a xenophobic float in the east of Germany. Of all spots, just adds to the disputable nature of the issue – yet this is scarcely inadvertent.

Considering that PEGIDA incites just tepid reactions to the Western piece of Germany, the East is unmistakably more responsive to a general manner against everything non-German. At the point when the motto “We are the individuals!” resonates in the boulevards of Dresden today, this contrasts broadly from the proto-just Leipzig serenades of 1989. This time, it proposes separation: “You Muslims don’t fit in with us, and nor do any refuge seekers or exiles!” The Afd embraces a part of PEGIDA’s guide – it is the parliamentary voice of the road, convey road challenges into German parliaments. This partnership has results. Right now, the quite proclaimed standard of society is tangibly floating rightward – crosswise over eras, crosswise over levels of education.

It is indispensable for the considerate of PEGIDA that the serious word here is less “Islamization”, yet the expression “Abendland”. Generally deciphered as “occident”, “Abendland” has a profound association with the levelheaded discussion about whether Germans and Germany have a place with the West or rather have a better place ever. Reverberating Oswalt Spengler compelling reasoning and his masterpiece “Der Untergang des Abendlandes” (The decay of the west). The German bourgeoisie historically is not established in the liberal custom of Western Europe however, because of the late country creating of the German primitive states at the end of the 19th century, associated with a hostile to Western story. All German conservative gatherings in the twentieth century dismiss the Anglo-Saxon rationalism, the French Revolution, and the Enlightenment, outside and along these lines Jewish impact. The Nazis were only one specific fanatic gathering among numerous others that supported an uncommon German route ever (“Deutscher Sonderweg”). Restricting majority rules system, singular freedom and reason as the primary wellspring of political accord. Heinrich August Winkler, the German historian, has composed an epochal work, “History of the West” in which he portrays in subtle element how German thinking and Germans has made the change from against western story into a main Western influence. In which realizes itself these days as a strengthening of Western qualities.

The way that PEGIDA is alluding to “Abendland” as something that must be spared from radicalism of Islam and Islamic culture, does let us know that the great right in Austria, and in Germany is no more seeking after an exceptional spot for Germany ever. While the dominant part of western Germany has disguised this ideal model long prior. Germans in the East have had their battles and issues with such a perspective. The expression “Abendland” suggests to the traditions of German tradition as a part of the entire Europe in the West, and its society of reason, majority rule government, and individual freedom. The authority project of PEGIDA, comprising of nineteen focuses is subsequently a sensible record that requests a severer administration laws on immigration, and the ejection of all criminal outsiders. In addition, PEGIDA requests, which Germany ought not to permit migrants to enter the nation, who do not take after the protected standards of the German “Grundgesetz”. There is no deprecatory phrasing or a desire to dispose of everyone of migrating Muslims.

By the by, there are a few genuine questions about PEGIDA’s thought processes. Before a huge number of protesters descended into the city of Dresden, numbering close to 20,000, a huge number of protestors were activated from the entire of Germany by conservative fanatic gatherings. While PEGIDA has just next to zero fascinations for protestors’ urban areas within Eastern Germany, and most of Western Germany, Dresden is by all accounts a home diversion for right-wingersat this time. Consistently a little show praises the German victimhood, countered by left-wing demonstrators and checked with doubtful separation by decision German government officials.

One surprising part of Western Germany reunification 25 years ago,  Eastern Germany is that even 25 years after the reunification of West Germany, most ranges experience the ill effects of monetary emergency, unemployment, the death of bankrupt urban areas and groups. Thus the displacement of youth into the possibility of Western urban areas, in the same way as Vienna, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Frankfurt, or Munich. Eastern Germany is more established than whatever remains of the nation and is the fortress of Germany’s “Bite the dust Linke” (The Left). Be that as it may there is an alternate detail that the onlooker takes into consideration. In Dresden, less than one percent of Muslims are even enlisted. Outsiders and nonnatives in Eastern Germany are generally Asylum seekers and occupants of haven homes or displaced person offices that the legislature had inherent. The most recent 25 years adjacent local locations and that have brought about mobs and open shock. In Western Germany, however working migration has made Yugoslavs, Spaniards, Greeks, and Turks, or associates, and companions. In Eastern Germany, outsiders who join in the ordinary life are still uncommon. Outsiders in the East, Kurds and Albanians, Africans, and Roma are related, wrongly or rightly with different sorts of culpability and problematic conduct. Individuals in the cities and towns of the East are just gone up against with outsiders who are poor, not incorporated and now and again may even seem unsafe. There is no society of associates working in the plants, yet a distrustful dread that refuge seekers, illicit migrants and displaced people may imperil the little points of view of riches and extravagance seriously dreamed of by Eastern Germans.

In 1992, Asian refuge seekers were the subject of the infamous Rostock-Liechtenhagen riots. Rostock’s seaport, a crowd of lethal inhabitants assaulted a gathering of migrants from Asia, many of them Vietnamese who had moved during the GDR. The furious individuals of Rostock attempted to blaze the office where the Asians covered up, and the threatened held up two days for the police to ensure them. No radical Islamist movement in Eastern Germany is right now working in an unmistakable way and subsequent to the residential brainpower has kept a few dread assaults by home-developedterrorists; it is guaranteed that the powers have not disregarded such threats.

Opponents believe that PEGIDA protests are all about fighting against multiculturalism. The PEGIDA development is hazardous basically in the light of the fact that it advances a cloudy understanding of Islam. At first, there were lethal Islamists, enthusiasts working on Allah’s benefit, beheading prisoners before moving cams. Meanwhile, a substantial number of the Monday marchers denounce Islam itself. What’s more, shelter seekers and outcasts come into the mix– those who are, professedly, a danger to the Western world. That is the thing that happens when soapbox speakers and their amazingly basic pub trademarks that should spare Germanytake to the lanes. PEGIDA offers a discussion for simple arrangements, which is terrible enough. On the other hand, if a political gathering spoke to impart this disentangled perspective of the world, at this point, in three German state parliaments, peril is inescapable.

An intriguing distinction between Germany, France, the US, and the UK, is that in Germany the social weight that constrains migrants to coordinate higher than others. In the North, as they leave the older traditions behind, the greater social obligations command individuals’ cooperation. Much stricter than Germany regarding necessities that foreigners need to match are just Scandinavian nations like Sweden and Denmark. It is one incomprehensible outcome of Britain’s and France’s commitment to individual opportunity and individual freedom that Islamists discovered a place of refuge in Paris or London, at slightest in the closer past.  In addition, there are sufficiently in Germany, Islamic radicals that do not speak to a terrorist danger. At minimum not in the pitiless measurements of the homicides of the 7/7 assault or the murder of Lee Rigby, and the assault of those at Charlie Hebdo, ought to be recognized. The Islamic countries have sold Israel significant submarines that can convey nukes and has considerably helped Israel’s maritime limits. Islamists share the same inspiration to assault Great Britain or France as they do to pull off a massacre in Germany, as they all hold those that support ISIS or the Kurds. Germany’s Muslim populace still has its issues with incorporation yet the exceptional radicalization that is widespread in Great Britain.

Nazism is a matter that is profoundly established in Eastern Germany. For over 20 years the German local discernment, the “Verfassungsschutz” has attempted to invade the Neo-Nazi scenes by paying sources who appeared to be pioneers and significant figures of Nazi gatherings everywhere. Neo-Nazis invaded the knowledge, giving data about planned police strikes, and offering a hierarchical assurance under the parasol of state SECURITY for government officials of the great right. The fear bunch “National Socialist Underground” (NSU) worked pretty much unchecked following 1999, by powers and killed no less than 11 individuals. For the most part, little retailers of an outside plummet in all regions of Germany. The law authorization powers suspected criminal components inside vagrant groups and stayed very oblivious to the illegal exercises of paid specialists of the “Verfassungsschutz”. However, the NSU is not by any means the only sample of Eastern Germany’s Nazi issue.

Consistently African settlers are assaulted, beaten up, and many are even killed by hooligans who secured in a few ranges “No Go Zones” for workers. Riots against existing refuge seeker offices or arranged ones are a steady sidekick of the political battle. While interestingly surveys demonstrate that against Semitism is weaker in Eastern Germany, numerous kinds of supremacist contempt and incredible disdain against all non-German inhabitants are much higher evaluated than somewhere else in the nation. The strongest political contender falls within the vast majority of the Left. However, the Left has developed a story in which East Germans are the casualties of private enterprise, Western obliviousness, social emergency and loss of personality. Lawmakers of the Left, who set out to condemn the bigot environment are uncommon, they need to contend with conservative fanatics who play this exploited person amusement strongly. The Left has no explicit formula for this issue but to disregard it or to encourage supremacist and jumpy vibrations herself. So as to keep up the state of a prevalent gathering that increases considerable backing in the following race.

When trying to find opposition to the PEGIDA movement, there are other Nazi fanatics, hooligans, and murders that want the PEGIDA to stand as their representation against the Islamization of the country. Despite the fact that their manifestation of dissent communicates a ton of real concern, the genuine inspiration, for doing so, is just strategic. While PEGIDA favors Muslims and foreigners as the primary offenders for their wretchedness, the left wing fanatics who PARTICIPATE in the Monday Protests or  “Montagsmahnwachen”, which are perceived as Putin  and Assad sympathizers. They would like for Western governments to put a hold on all authorizations against Russia, and blame Israel and the USA for all conceivable criminal acts that are reported in the inventory of fear inspired notions. Both, the left, and the right form, consider the number of inhabitants in Eastern Germany as exploited people who face peril from outside, no foolish contention forgot.

In trying to understand, the position in which PEGIDA falls under is looking at their anonymous one-page manifesto published at the end of 2014. Within the manifesto it list 19 bulleted statements. These in summaries includes, their agreement to grant asylum to war refugees, they want to implement the German Basic Law, and for decentralized housing for refugees. They want fair allocation of monies towards immigrants by a central agency. However, per social worker decrease the number of asylum seekers, and to model their immigration policies after those in Switzerland and the Netherlands. Increased budget for the Federal Office of Migration and Refugees, as well as the increase in police funding. Implement expulsion as well as other asylum laws. Provide zero tolerance to immigrants and criminal refugees. While PEGIDA is not opposed to politically moderate and assimilated Muslims, they do oppose a violent and misogynic political ideology. PEGIDA supports immigration in South Africa, Australia, Canada, and Switzerland.

In opposition to what many people may believe, PEGIDA is opposed to hate speech or any radicalism, regardless of the individuals’ religion. (Menschen, 2014, pg. 1) However, when the news article was newly published after the Charlie Hebdo attacks, the last five of the 19 position statements were erased. These included those that mentioned their opposition of hate speech, radicalism, political correctness and gender mainstreaming, parallel jurisdictions or societies, and the weapon export to non-permitted or radical groups. Many of the German leaders such as the Chancellor Angela Merkel has openly criticized PEGIDA, especially the implications that those that do not come out to oppose Jihad or other extremist encourage it. It is a bigoted move, and one that many outside of PEGIDA share. PEGIDA has a just about the same amount of growing opposition, as it does followers. Many see the group as an anti-Muslim, or hate group that wants to run Muslims and other immigrants out of the country.

In concluding, what the paper was formed to research is the present movement of PEGIDA. What many feel the group stands to incite violence and hate towards Muslims. PEGIDA leaders and followers believe that it is an apolitical group in which wants to preserve Germany’s Judeo-Christian values and cultures. There seems to be a concern that the Islamization of Europe and mainly Germany is impacted the nationals’ way of life. Many fears the growing threat of extreme Muslims, and this fear has fed on the many negative stereotypes that are have been prescribed in the media. While the fear can be proven to be a legitimate concern as the most recent events can attest, political movements are nothing new, but with the rapid popularization of PEGIDA, it is a movement that is worth watching to see what it will produce.

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