Genital Warts, Research Paper Example

In fact, females aged 9 to 26 can develop a genital wart, also called ‘Human Papilloma Virus’ (HPV). The cause of HPV varies as in the contact with fabric materials and human flesh skin. For example, sweated underpants from physical activities; contaminated condoms from intercourses; and used other person’s underpants for emergency replacement and such. These unsanitary genital fluids can spread at least 70 types of HPV before gradual to the stages of STI and the cervix cancer (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2012).

In females, the symptoms may include dampness in the genital area near the warts, increasing vaginal discharge, vaginal itching and vaginal bleeding during or after sex. They may be found inside the vagina or anus; and or outside the vagina or anus; and on the cervix inside the body. In males, genital warts may be found on the penis, scrotum, groin area, thighs, and inside or around the anus. Both sexes may have genital warts on their lips, mouth, tongue and throat. This is in which it will not become visible after six weeks to six months after becoming infected and or that sexually transmission infection would not become noticeable for years (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2012). Physiologically, when an individual is exposed, a stigma burdensome begins and the developing recurrence of the infection could possibly affect his/her traumatic feeling of shame, worry, fear, anger, and lowered self?esteem develop. Lesions can spread on one person and because they are easily spread between people, genital warts potentially can be a serious public health problem (Batista, et al., 2010). Meanwhile, psychologists may diagnose on Axis 1 as reported as Personality Change Due to Infection, viral, unspecified, with Disinhibited Type, coded as 301.1. Because there is an evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct physiological consequences of a Human Papilloma Virus of Sexually Transmission Infection and the predominant feature is poor impulse control as evidenced by sexual indiscretions, etc as seen in most individuals who contracted HPV (DSM-IV-TR,2000).

Notably, HPV 6 or HPV 11 is found to be 90% common in the individuals with genital warts. Usually they are comorbid with primary HPV, which associated with foci of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in which is likelihood to be associated with conjunctival, nasal, oral, and laryngeal warts. In particular, with the quadrivalent HPV vaccine that can be used in males aged 9–26 years to prevent genital warts. Yet, it depends on the size and the anatomic location of where the lesion is inflamed, for an evaluation of HPV DNA testing. However, the use of HPV DNA testing for genital wart diagnosis is not recommended, because test results would not alter clinical management of the STI condition (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012).

Though, in contrast to the other research study, Sonnex (et al., 2007) indicated that there are 100 genotypes of Human Papilloma Virus infections have been identified. Most of the HPV genotypes are benign as opposed to the high-risk HPV genotype like the HPV-16 and HPV-18, which identifies as the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma, compared to the low-risk HPV-6 genotype or HPV-11 genotype, which causes anogenital warts infections.

In the observation process on the HPV antigens cultures, there is no systematic testing for this kind of sexually transmitted viral infection according to many research studies. So, this research explored the DMSO sequencing as one of testing method, which investigated the degree of stimulation of HPV-6 that corresponds to the synthetic peptide of 11 amino acid residues, and it was found that both pooled cultures would not exceed more than 0.3% to the stimulating degree. In other words, DMSO sequencing is a chemical reuptake that enzyme acids to reduce the growth of a genital wart. Continually, researchers explored other types of testing such as the EPLISPOT assay, a plate analyzer. EPLISPOT assay can hold up to 5,000 to 200,000 cells per well per plate. With the presence of HPV-6 peptide pool, after 48 hours of washed phosphatase and substrate substances, they were found that the spot-forming cells have formed into a mutant genotype. Thus, the response concluded that there is a positive significance of relative substances for cure the HPV. Because of the specific substances and nonspecific substances have the cutoff noise. Thus, the whole sequencing processes induced several different types of biochemicals that manifests with anogenital warts could be relevant to the immunomonitoring of immunotherapeutic vaccine designs for patients with high-risk and persistent HPV infections.

Public Med Health on behalf of National Center for Biotechnology Information of U.S. National Library of Medicine (2012) recommended several treatments for individuals with HPV. Researchers suggested that individuals not to obtain over the counter medications because over the counter medications do not sufficiently defuse the genital wart infection to the effect.

Persons who suspected that he or she has contracted genital warts must be examined by a health care provider and receive a treatment if warts were found. Furthermore, health care providers suggested that all of the person’s sexual partners to be examined and treated in order for the infected person and its sexual partners to prevent from increasing genital complications and spreading the conditions to others. Thereby, genital warts do not always have an objective symptom (s) that may identify skin inflammation around or inside the genital area. Of these skin inflammation developments, they were developed through individuals having multiple sexual partners, use tobacco and alcohol, other viral infections such as herpes, and weakened immune system due to an illness or medication. The unpleasant appearance of genital warts may be so tiny flesh-colored spots that are formed into a sprout-like.

How frightening it can occur to someone who contracted a sprout-like on his/her genitals, however, should not be alarmed but seek medical attention as soon as possible. It is good to know that there are patient-applied modalities that include three types of treatments that are available for both men and women, which these are: surgical procedures, oral/topical medications, and Pap smear test for females. Alternative surgical regimens may include the cryosurgery, electrocauterization, laser therapy, surgical excision procedures, for example. Including the dosage of repeat applications are needed in some cases. For instance, Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen requires repeat application every 1-2 weeks (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Second type is the Psychopharmacological treatments can also be arranged, though, it depends on the severity of the STI condition—-A medical doctor can prescribed topical medications such as Imiquimod (Aldara), Podophyllin, Podofilox( Condylox), and Trichloroacetic Acid for external genital warts. Most importantly, females aged 21 and up are to take the Pap smear test for vaginal check-up as part of yearly physical check-up to update its’ status of health (PubMed Health, 2012).

According to a nursing research study, on about 1,159 men carry the Human Papilloma Virus was detected for HPV infections. It was reported that the data were obtained from individuals who were originated from Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. Of these participants aged 18 to 30, have a history of more than 50 sex partners (females) in their lifetime. Researchers were able to discover 1,572 new infections comorbid with HPV infections, thus it led to believe that new infections is the cause of cervical cancer in women and genital warts. Although, the results from this study provide much needed data about the clearance of HPV infection in men. In addition to the research findings, it may be true to the fact that these new infections are the tantamount of the 70 to 100 genotypes of HPV infection (Stubenrauch, 2011).

References

American Psychiatric Association (2000) Quick Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Association.

Batista, C., Atallah, Á., Saconato, H. & Da Silva, E. (2010) 5?FU for genital warts in non?immunocompromised individuals. Retrieved March 23, 2012 from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0014016/

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2012) Genital Warts: PubMed Health. Retrieved March 23, 2012 from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001889/

Sonnex, C., Gough, G. W., & Warren, A. P. (2007). Local and systemic human papillomavirus type 6b-specific cellular immune responses in patients with recurrent genital warts. Viral Immunology, 20(1), 44-55. doi:10.1089/vim.2006.0065

Stubenrauch, J. (2011) The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Lancet. 377 (9771):1085-95