International Research Collaboration, Essay Example

Difference between multiple independent variables and multiple levels of independent variables. Which is better?

Independent variables are elements that are used as balancing point of research studies that are dedicated towards measuring the different points of development, especially when it comes to mandating a better course of situational analysis that is related to the modern issues affecting the world at present. These issues are most often than not related to social conditions especially connected to communities that are facing particular situations that may need specific attention.

Multiple levels of independent variables are set to establish a multi-faceted sense of measuring the different concepts of effective distinction that makes a particular study more efficient in determining the most important issues that need to be given attention to especially in establishing the most common points of development that are distinctively needed in creating a more developed system in most communities at present.

Through the use of multiple levels of independent variables, it could be understood that the value of measurement among these elements could be cross-related. What makes this matter more instantiating is the fact that the independent variables are accepted to stand as a unified element that contributes to the overall value of the research.

Blocking

Implicating blocking elements in researches indicate a sense of distinctive approach in making a definitive approach towards controlling the elements affecting the different issues that are creating a better way of developing a better sense of mandating the effects of the study in the actual situations that are happening at present. Practically, the need to block these elements is highly necessary especially in pointing out what is more important compared to other matters that are highly affective of the different expected results from the research.

Blocking particular variables basically impose a great impact on how the studies are to develop and create a new set of understanding that could be used for the distinction of new results that are necessary for imposing a new system that could change the outlook of the society towards particular issues that mandate the adjustments in the society accordingly.

Main effects and interaction effects

Main effects of studies refer to the different results that are made possible through research methods applied by the researchers. However, there are side-effects that evidently give attention to the major aspects that could make changes in the society, especially on matters that are related to the research that is being completed.

These side-effects are noted as interaction effects. These effects are usually the result of matters that interact with each other especially in relation to the overall concept of development that the research intends to follow through. The interaction of the different variables create ripple-effect that would give a determinable impact on the overall value of the implicative worth of the study being completed.

How does a covariate reduce noise?

Replications of results are often considered as the primary noise that creates disturbances in most studies. Researches are expected to provide more effective sense of what is real from what is theoretical. Understandably, it could be understood that controlling replications is very important especially in making sure that the validity of the study would be able to create a higher and more important value of development that would impact the society’s perception of the different concepts that are related to matters that are most likely reflective of elements that are necessary for application. Utilizing these noises is also considered effective especially in making sure that the different variables of the study are controlled accordingly. This shall improve the better way of mandating adjustments that are necessary for re-establishing the realistic value of each research. Making adjustments is one of the most fundamental concepts in social research.
The differential process of analysing the multiple covariance used in a research increases the point of comparison and determines the value of the research even further, thus making a distinct indication on how elements of differences could be used to help derive the most common points in the study which could repel the assumption of weakness on how the value of improvement that is being implicated through the study could be applied in actual situations accordingly.

Fractional factorials are used to measure the divisible aspects of research-variable analysis. Through the use of fractional factorials, the value of the different variables that make up a research is analysed accordingly and are measured according to the value that they represent in the society. These approach is used accordingly to make sure that each variable is identified effectively especially in relation to modern ways of imposing changes according to the implicative value of research studies.

Describe and explain three trades-offs present in experiments

Trade-off between the internal and external variables of research help establish a better foundation for study analysis. It could be understood that when it comes to how modern researches are handled, trade-offs become highly important especially at the point of creating a more distinct separation between the worth that each value of variable used in the study is identified accordingly. Notably, trade-offs are established to help researchers find a better approach towards determining the real value between elements that are used to complete the research. These variables [as they are measured] create a distinct measurement that identifies well with the validity and reliability of the study being completed.  IT is through this process that the trade-off of analysis between conclusions and presumptions is created. Practically, the cross referencing process for these particular elements and the way they are analysed creates a more effective approach of determining a more definite concept of understanding the real effective application of the research that is being completed. The conclusion that has been derived from the measurement and analysis of the presumptions extensively mandate a better core-foundation of the final determination of the value of the whole study. Trading off the worth of the variables used in the research method is expected to create a directive concept of understanding how one variable relates to another and how such relation creates a new ideal on what the study is for and how well it is able to mandate the changes needed to be applied in the society, as consistently derived from the results garnered from the research itself.

The primary purpose of a two-way ANOVA is to understand if there is an interaction between the two independent variables on the dependent variable. The three-way ANOVA is used to determine if there is an interaction effect between three independent variables on a continuous dependent variable (i.e., if a three-way interaction exists). As such, it extends the two-way ANOVA, which is used to determine if such an interaction exists between just two independent variables (i.e., rather than three independent variables).

Determining the interaction between variables in a research is very important as they would definitely determine the overall value of applicability of the research in actual situations. This insists on the considerable concept of mandating the real worth of each variable of the study that was used and examined in the research.

Overall, balancing the contributing values that the research variables have towards each other is a very important aspect of recreating the foundation to which the study is dependent upon. Practically, it could be realized that when it comes to the understanding of the most important elements that make up a research, the cross referencing of the values of the different variables used to determine the strength of the method used to understand the issues and topics noted in the study.

Presumably, the correlative connection of these elements together help distinguish the value of one study as a separate entity of work from another. Notably, this is how studies become more effective in contemplating the most controversial points of concern regarding specific topics in the society, matters that affect the overall worth of the research as an applicable element. Most often than not, it could be realized that with the emergence of such presumptions that measuring the value of theories apart from the concepts of reality becomes rather affective and is strongly understood as somewhat determinable in measuring how good aspects of the research could be put to use accordingly.

References

Gorard, S. (2013) Research Design: Robust approaches for the social sciences, London:SAGE, Video of a lecture on research design.

Freshwater, D., Sherwood, G. & Drury, V. (2006) International research collaboration. Issues, benefits and challenges of the global network. Journal of Research in Nursing, 11 (4), pp 9295–303.

Cohen, N. &Arieli, T. (2011) Field research in conflict environments: Methodological challenges and snowball sampling. Journal of Peace Research 48 (4), pp. 423–436.

Soeters, Joseph; Shields, Patricia and Rietjens, Sebastiaan. 2014. Handbook of Research Methods in Military Studies New York: Routledge.

Hoffman A (2003) Research for Writers, pp 4-5. London: A&C Black Publishers Limited.