Metaphysics, Research Paper Example

At the very root of the principle of the law of non-contradiction lies the ideology that anyone who believes something cannot believe its contradiction. (Aristotle and Metaphysics 1008 b). In attempt to prove this concept, Aristotle detailed the concepts in three categories called ontological, psychological and logical. Ontological was based on the idea that it was impossible that the same thing belong and not belong to the same common idea at the same time and space. (1005b-19, 20). Psychological interpretations detailed the concept that no one can believe the same thing can and not be at the same time. (1005b-23, 24). Finally logical insists that basic principles do not always exist simultaneously. (1011b-13, 14).

An example of a daily struggle that is one of the laws of non-contradiction which poses challenges to my beliefs and decisions would be to make choices that are non-conducive to the morals that God teaches us on a daily basis. One specific example might be to live a life filled with non-holy thoughts such as coveting thy neighbor’s wife or pre-marital sex. God has chosen to create a world of which was specially meant to be free of sin until Eve partook in the biting of the apple. According to the principle of sufficient reasoning Eve had to justify why her reasons for biting the apple was more virtuous than following Gods laws of his holy kingdom and the garden of Eden. Hence, God was the only perfect matter/being of which Adam and Eve chose to disagree with and in return they were stricken from eternal salvation. All mankind was branded with original sin as a result of their defiance of God. This is the platform for Christianity today. God created a perfect world in the image of himself. Leibniz had a philosophy that only God was the Supreme Being and further God was an optimist and his ideas are the most sacred of the entire universe. (Cathcart and Klien, 2008).

Nash peers into the topical, historical and worldwide/conceptual views of the philosophies of naturalism with relation to metaphysics and the laws of non-contradiction. Plato, Augustine, Aristotle, Plotinus and Aquinas contribute their philosophical views of how the laws of spirituality and mysticism related to the truth, ethics, and the existence of God, the power of the mind and body and life after death. Based on scientific study our brain is made to interpret reality through reliance of skepticism through justification of weaker forms of local skepticism. People tend to want to zone in on skeptic patterns of thought patterns but it should be rejected because it is self-refuting. There is an allowance for weaker forms of skepticism in areas such as science.  Any claim of truth is self-refuting because in light of repeals, it must be assumed these beliefs are said to be of a dream world because of how our minds tend to interpret reality. We can never be completely sure that our senses are completely or certainly interpreting information rationally. We must then reject our own mind’s thoughts by our own standards. Science cannot justify our truths held in our mind therefore we must reject them. There are so many extrinsic beliefs that go against evolutionary theory that we must reject. The coherence theory of justification is justified by outside beliefs which are amplified by sensory experiences. These experiences cannot be scientifically proven or clarified either, hence must be rejected. A belief cannot be the basis of itself nor can another belief lead to the belief of another belief as a fact or certainty. This is simply an internal belief or internal thought and is rather inadequate. They are not adequate models of cognitive thought processes for reality based motivations.

In conclusion, through the works of infamous philosophers it has been determined that the laws of non-contradiction have been challenged back to the days of Aristotle and other great philosophers of early time. The real question is to determine the value of logistical principles attached to the philosophy behind the general principles of existence and the principles of reasoning. “It is impossible for the same thing at the same time to belong and not belong to the same thing at the same time and in the same respect.” (“Formulation for the Law of Non-Contradiction”). With relation to religion a Bible scripture cannot quote one passage in a verse and another in another verse. Hence if a passage violates the Law it is considered a contradiction. Historical issues with relation to translation issues in the Bible are not considered violations or laws of non-contradictions but rather misunderstandings.

References

Cathcart, T. and Klein, D. Plato and Platypus Walk into a Bar…Understanding Philosophy through Jokes New York: Penguin Group, 2008.

Nash, R. H. Life’s Ultimate Questions: An Introduction to Philosophy Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing, 1999.