Methods Employed in the Field of Neuroscience, Essay Example

Phenomenological technique is one of the best methods to investigate the correlations of physiology behaviors and neurological deficits. In the field of phenomenology, they study the aspects of human behavior and the brain, including the consciousness that extends the development of novel treatment strategies for neurological disorders and physiological impairments (Shen, et al., 2011).

According to Carlson (2010) contended that the Glutamate synaptic receptor is the first protein molecule evolved in the brain as many investigators believed. Glutamate is a depolarization excitatory effect that is found in very simple organisms in which they raise the threshold of excitation neurons associate with the five drug binding sites underlying N-Methyl-D-Asparate (NMDA) glutamate receptor. NMDA are associated with AMDA and Kainite receptors of Glutamatergic synapses. The role of NMDA receptor is to collect a certain number of calcium ion ( Ca²) into the ion channel while the glutamate postsynaptic membrane is depolarized and then they would stimulate the voltage capacity to transmit a message to eject Magnesium ion from entering into the calcium ion channels. Because, Magnesium ion cell is a hyperdepolarizer that inhibits enzyme biometabolic processes (Carlson, 2010).

NMDA receptors facilitate learning and memory, and ability to suppress nerve sensitivity of induced pain, nococetion. Once a cell field is disconnected from the dendrites gyrus of entorhinal cortex, a numerous CNS disorders are formed and implemented anxiety disorder, depression, epilepsy, substance abuse, and Parkinson’s disease (Li, Shan, Conti, Li, 2012). In the deeper membrane, a Metatropic Glutamate Receptor-5 (mGluR5) deactivates the specific ion channels to pass through the postsynaptic membrane, preventing the local membrane potential to produce an excitatory effect. Another inhibitory drug called 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (AP5) impairs the long-term potential synaptic plasticity in the glutamate-binding site (hippocampal synapses) on the NMDA receptor in which then blocks the spatial learning and memory. As result of spatial impairments, the behaviors may affect altered body image; feelings of isolation and aloneness; cognitive disorganization; drowsiness and apathy; negativism and hostility; feelings of euphoria and inebriation; and dreamlike states.

References:

Carlson, N. (2010) Physiology of Behavior, 10th edition, Boston, MA; Allyn & Bacon

Shen, W., Liu, S. & Yuan, Y. (2011) Social Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective for Unification Psychology. Psychology. 8: 841-845