Mode of Accumulation, Essay Example

Mode of accumulation refers to deep structural logic of production, distribution, exchange, and accumulation. There are four classes of systemic model, which are broadly convergent, and distinguished in this text. They include; one, kin based model of accumulation, where social labor distribution and collective accumulation is mobilized by means of normative based on conceptual definition of value, obligation, effective ties, kinship networks and rule of conduct. Two, tributary model, where accumulation is mobilized by means politically institutionalized coercion based on co-defined laws. The third one is the capitalist model of accumulation where the accumulation occurs through production of commodities using co-modified labor. Four, social model where people democratically control major policy, investment and allocation decision they affect.

With regard to world system, it is important to note that different mode of accumulation exist within the same system and that some systems are better understood as transitional or mixed. Nevertheless, different models are differently desirable with respect to their consequences to human life. Finally, it is also important to note that, the coherence of different production models, because of integration between local and intersociety’s interaction process exist within a dominant mode of accumulation.

Human settlements are understood to include legalized ways in which trade and other kind of interaction link settlements with one another. A broader definition of settlement system includes the interactions with the environment and all the patterned way in which the humans use the earth landscape and with the biosphere and atmosphere. This definition allows the consideration of settlement system of the Normand who moves across the land in a patterned cycle. This definition is known as eco-settlement.

Nomads were big game hunters and they moved rapidly into territories that were rich in larger hunt able and tasty animals. For instance, it is believed that paledonians in North America followed herds in very large and rather regular annual migration circuits. The migration bands would once in a year come together in a place with sufficient food stock to allow for big gathering and adjacent quarries from one another. This trade network grew in an oscillatory manner and they eventually became global in extent.

Contrary to the notion that sedentary emerged with planting during Neolithic revolution, sedentism emerged among the diversified foragers. The sedentary foraging societies survived into recent modernity in certain ecological abundant location such as pacific North West. It is believed that some of the hunters and gatherers (diversified foragers) figured out a how to exploits less vulnerable natural resource such as fish, small game, seeds, and tubers and managed to live in permanent villages without depleting the environment.  Diversified foragers who lived in bountiful location could manage to live one location with having to migrate. The earliest transition from nomad to sedentism was as a matter of seasonal camps being more occupied for longer periods forming the first villages. These first villages continued to interact with still nomadic peoples with both trade and warfare. The population densities in those villages varied. With time, the settlement sizes and hierarchies emerged where villages at crucial locations become home to important personage. Sedentary later developed long distance trading networks, which enlarged their settlement system

Over the past, twelve’s millennium world systems have grown from small to larger. In addition, inter societal systems have gotten larger, complex and hierarchical. These spatial growths of systems involved the expansion of some system as well as incorporation of others. The incorporation process occurred in several ways as system distances from one another have linked their interactions networks. The process expansion and incorporation brought different group of people together and made organizations of larger hierarchical societies possible. It is in this sense that globalization has been going on for some time. Using the conceptual apparatus for spatial bonding; it is possible to construct spatial-temporal chronographs for how human population interaction networks changed their spatial scale to form single global political economy.