Nursing Process, Research Paper Example

The nursing process is the technique that nurses utilize to accelerate analysis and treatment of actual and possible health issue. The  standard of nursing practice recognized the nursing process and the applicability to nursing practice. These principles supply a foundation for practice and acknowledgment of the privileges of the patient. The official affiliation identifying the features of nursing, the nursing process, and the standards is depicted in figure 1. (Alfaro, 1995).

Phenomena               Theory Application               Nursing Action                    Effects

According to standard of nursing practice, nurses also must adhere to the profession’s ethical code as well. Nurses utilize the humanistic philosophy of caring coupled with understanding and reason for their exercise. Nurses are fully committed to respect human beings with an unbiased approach of care to differences socially, economically, racially, ethnically, and other human attributes.

The nursing process is the structured systematic process of providing goal directed humanistic care. The organized and systematic processes are enclosing in four sequential and consistent steps: Data collection, Planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Data Collection

The data collection part refers to building a data foundation for a particular client. This stage needs expert observation and assembly of data from the client, family, health team members, and medical records. It also contains a theoretical knowledge base to gather and differentiate data and to document findings. The practical nurse collect information significant to the client, assigns meaning to this data, and uses it to participate in the formulation of a nursing diagnosis.

First step in the nursing procedure is data collection. This step contains of data collection, collecting information or specifics in order for the nurse to become attentive of an individual’s emotions, thoughts, principles, and biophysical responses. Many options recognize particular actions indicated for the evaluation stage of the nursing process. Critical thinking plays a significant role in all measures in the process, mainly in data collection. Alfaro-LeFevre (1994) stressed 5 activities to help the critical thinker find the suitable information required to move toward decision making and the plan of care. These activities include:

“- Data Collection: collecting the information regarding the patient

– Data Validation: confirming correctness of information obtained

– Data Organization: placing or clustering facts provided into information groups that recognize health or illness patterns.

– Pattern identification: interpreting meaning from information designs collected from information

-Data reporting and recording: indentifying abnormalities to report and record; recording findings relevant to present status of patients” (American Nurses Association, (1973)

Planning

Depending on data collected, the planning stage refers to indentifying objectives of care. The practical nurse contributes to the nursing care plan, helps in formulating goals, and communicates client requirements and nursing actions essential to achieve goals. This segment of the nursing process also contains nursing actions for the delivery of care. Clients may be involved in this planning phase. a planning question will concentrate on the development of a plan of care individualized for a precise client.

The planning of nursing care requires the evaluation, diagnoses, and outcome identification pieces and establishes a layout for meeting the patients’ requests and/or goals. This plan sets priorities using standards of nursing. It sets the objectives through outcome identification.

A nursing care plan contains the client outcomes resulting from nursing diagnoses. Nursing interventions are determined by the diagnoses produced. These interventions are developed in collaboration with input from the patient and members of a multidisciplinary healthcare team. Physicians, social workers, pharmacists, dietitians, and several other personnel will play an essential role in the development of the care plan. Standard plans, guidelines, or critical paths are commonly used to assist in problem identification, outcomes, and interventions. However, according to Alfaro-LeFevre, be careful in using these plans as guides. Each patient demonstrates a exclusive situation, and every care plan needs to be individualized.

Documentation of the plan of care is a complete. There are lots of reasons for this; however, some of the most obvious include communication between caregivers, direction of care and documentation, and a written record used for the implementation and appraisal steps.

Implementation

Implementation of the fourth step in the nursing development. This phase consists of placing the nursing techniques planned in the care plan into action. Implementation is in itself a complex process. Many actions are clear; many are not. The theoretical framework for practice is helpful in assisting the nurse through the involvement stage.

The perception of caring is an example of one framework that can be used in the interference and implementation processes. A system of development is necessitated; however, the outcome of a “doable” plan between the nurse and the patient is a justifiable outcome.

After implementation, a major accountability is to document the process of care given. Charting nursing actions interrelated to the implementation of care presents a systematic review and enables continuity of care from shift to shift. Thus, the care plan automatically evolves into the evaluation of the plan’s outcomes.

Evaluation

The evaluation of a care plan is the evaluation of the patient’s response to interventions. it also contains the response to the prearranged standards. The nurse appraises the effectiveness of interventions with input from the patient and other members of the multidisciplinary team. Evaluating identifies whether, or to what degree, the outcomes of care have been met. “Ongoing evaluation facilitates the nurse to recognize issue and make essential changes to the plan before the final evaluation phase. There may be the essential to preserve, adapt, or terminate aspects of the plan” (Taylor, 2002).

References

Taylor, C. (2002). Assessing patients’ needs: does the same information guide expert and novice nurses?. International Nursing Review, 49(1), 11-19.

Alfaro-LeFevre, R. (1995). Applying nursing process a step by step guide (3^rd ed). Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.

American Nurses Association, (1973), Standards of nursing practice. Washington, DC: Author