The Caldwell, Research Paper Example

Introduction

This paper aims to utilize the Caldwell et al. (2005) scrutinizing technique to give an essential appraisal of a quantitative examination test. This technique was made to aid the primary survey of quantitative and subjective examinations. However, just the actions recommended for the investigation of quantitative assessments will be remembered for this article. Caldwell’s instrument was initially evolved to help nurse and wellbeing-related exploration understudies find out quantitative and subjective techniques, which prompted the choice to utilize it. Tse et al. played out a quantitative examination report, picked as the triumphant paper (2013). For people group abiding more established individuals with persistent agony, this examination took a gander at the impacts of an incorporated persuasive meeting and actual work program on torment, physical and mental capacity, personal satisfaction, self-viability, and exercise consistency.

The study was picked because it adopted a stringently quantitative strategy to explore a wellbeing-related subject and was distributed in a friend checked-on diary. A careful investigation of examination is expected to decide the degree to which exploration papers follow systems that guarantee the data introduced by an investigation is exact and applicable. It is feasible to choose whether an exploration study has characterized and advocated the technique utilized and whether the strategies used to acquire and decipher information are precise and essential, for instance, by evaluating an examination paper (Haug, 2015). Exact skill dispersed by logical examinations empowers wellbeing specialists to join proof into work on, permitting them to convey treatment that has been experimentally demonstrated to be fruitful. Evidence-based practice in medical services is apparently what recognizes clinical medical services from that which companions or family can obtain.

Overview

Title

“Motivational meeting and work out program for community-dwelling more seasoned people with incessant torment: a randomized controlled study,” peruses the title of the consider. The title’s key components incorporate data almost essential angles of the paper. For illustration, the express “motivational meeting and work out program for community-dwelling more seasoned people with inveterate torment”. This implies that the study’s primary objective is to assess the usage of a joint motivational meeting and physical workout program for community-dwelling more seasoned individuals with constant torment. Readers are told around the examination being conducted after the tile, which may be a randomized controlled consideration. In light of the over, it can be concluded that the paper’s title is sensibly fitting in terms of telling readers almost the sort of thing about they will be perusing.

Credibility

The authors’ names are provided without any other type of information, such as their academic credentials. While those who are not used to peer-review articles may see this as a flaw, it is, in fact, essential that the credentials of the authors do not bias readers. More specifically, an academic paper should only be judged by its commitment to follow scientific standards and not by anything else, such as the authors’ positions or their experience within the field.

The Abstract

The abstract makes a comprehensive review of the main components of the paper. The authors use subheadings to differentiate the main sections of the article, namely aims and objectives, background, design, methods, results, conclusion, and relevance of the research to clinical practice. The use of subheadings within the abstract arguably makes it easier to read. It provides a more comprehensive summary of the paper than abstracts that do not outline the article’s sections at the beginning of the form. The abstract includes information about the sample, the experiment’s procedure, and the main statistical findings. This provides readers with information that allows them to have a basic understanding of the experimental procedure and the degree to which the results meet the paper’s objectives.

Literature Review

The literature review provides a comprehensive summary of current knowledge of chronic pain in older individuals, including symptoms and management. This summary allows putting the research study within a larger context and gaining a better understanding of the relevance of it within clinical practice. For instance, there is mention of research studies that show older people tend to lack the motivation to engage in behaviors that could improve their pain symptoms. This allows understanding the relevance of making a study that explores the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on pain management with this group of people. Equally important, the paper provides an overview of the available research on the efficacy of motivational interviewing. This allows understanding the researchers’ choice of this technique for their investigation.

Most of the literature review studies were published in the last 20 years and many over the previous ten years. Recent research studies for the literature review are essential to ensure that the research study is not based on ancient literature. However, more research studies could have been included in the literature. For instance, Brad et al. (2010) conducted a metanalysis that explored this method’s contribution, as shown by several studies and its effectiveness compared to other studies. More research articles on motivational interviewing and its effects could have also been mentioned. One such study is the systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Lundahl (2013), who investigated motivational interviewing’s contribution to counseling outcomes and how it compares to other interventions. The meta-analysis showed that MI produces statistically significant and durable results against weak comparison groups, meaning its findings help support motivational interviewing.

The quasi-experimental design conducted by Tse et al. (2010) could have also been discussed. The authors evaluated the impact of motivational interviewing-based health coaching in chronically ill and showed that motivational interviewing could improve self-efficacy, patient activation, and lifestyle change score. In other words, the results support the use of motivational interviewing for the management of chronic conditions and can be used to support the methodology of the study. Several recent studies have examined the management of chronic pain in older individuals that could have been mentioned. The systematic review of Schopflocher et al. (2011) concluded that the minor improvements resulting from cognitive-behavioral therapies are due to advances in mood and catastrophizing outcomes. These findings suggest motivation plays a particular role in the treatment of chronic pain, and the results could have been discussed to support the ideas of the paper.

Ethical Issues

The authors mention having had the study approved by the human subject’s ethics committee of a local university. It is also noted that each participant provided his or her informed consent before participating in the study. There appears to be no ethical concern that the authors did not acknowledge.

Methodology

The authors seem to review all the critical aspects of the methodology. For instance, the authors informed about the methods used, namely an experimental randomized-control trial. At the end of the background method, they restate the purpose of the paper and provide their hypothesis, which allows assessing the method approach’s appropriateness. The method section also reviews the study variables, namely the motivational interviewing and physical exercise program as the independent variable and pain, physical and psychological function, quality of life, self-efficacy, and compliance with exercise as independent variables. As informed by the authors, the sample consisted of 56 older persons (>65 years old) recruited from two elderly community centers in Hong Kong who were blinded from the group allocation (Haug, 2015). The authors consider that the results can be generalized to the population of elderly suffering from chronic pain. However, because the study was conducted in Hong Kong with a homogenous sample and the sample size was relatively small, it is not clear to what degree these findings can be generalized to the population of the elderly and a whole.

Conclusion

The article selected is supposedly the first to explore the effectiveness of an integrated approach that combined motivational interviewing and physical exercise in one program destined to improve different aspects of health in older individuals with chronic pain. Because the study uses an innovative approach to treating chronic pain in older individuals, the dissemination and replication of its findings could have critical healthcare applications. In the light of the analysis provided, it can be concluded that the study is robust and credible. More specifically, as shown throughout the overview, the study has a clear purpose and hypothesis, uses reliable and valid data gathering and analysis approaches, and puts its results into the research context by providing a comprehensive and updated literature review.

References

Caldwell, K., Henshaw, L. and Taylor, G., 2005. Developing a framework for critiquing health research. Journal of Health, Social and Environmental Issues, 6(1), pp.45-54.

Haug CJ. Peer-review fraud—hacking the scientific publication process. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015 Dec 17; 373(25):2393-5.

Lundahl, B.W., Kunz, C., Brownell, C., Tollefson, D. and Burke, B.L., 2010. A meta-analysis of motivational interviewing: Twenty-five years of empirical studies. Research on social work practice, 20(2), pp.137-160.

Schopflocher D, Taenzer P, Jovey R. The prevalence of chronic pain in Canada. Pain research and management. 2011; 16(6):445-50

Tse, M.M., Vong, S.K. and Tang, S.K., 2013. Motivational interviewing and exercise program for community?dwelling older persons with chronic pain: A randomized controlled study. Journal of clinical nursing, 22(13-14), pp.1843-1856.