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The Effects of Chemistry, Essay Example
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How Chemistry is Important to the Refining of Petrochemicals
The start of refining of petroleum is crude oil. The crude is usually drilled from various places such as the Middle East, South America, Western United States and Alaska. The crude is a mixture of different compounds. They are brought to the refinery and cut into different fractions thorough a refining process. Because different parts of the crude boil at different temperatures it is sent to a distillation tower where it is heated up. This is done through a chemical process called distillation. In general the lighter products boil at a lower temperature and the heavier products boil at a higher temperature. The lighter components will continue to rise with the vapor and start to condense. The heavier components are separated at the bottom allowing the refinery to collect the fractions of the crude.
At the very top of the column are the light gases such as ethane and propane which are used in gas burners. The gasoline is also a light fractioned gas. Kerosene is slightly heavier than gasoline and falls after the gasoline is burned off. The diesel gas is slightly heavier than the gasoline used by the cars. The heavier fractions normally do not boil and fall to the bottom of the fractionation column. They are such compounds as asphalt which is used to build roads.
As you can see chemistry is a natural process needed to make different products from the raw crude. We use all of these products in different aspects of life to run our vehicles, to run generators and to build roads. These are the building blocks of a great community.
References
Li-Bong Lee Petroleum Refining Retrieved September 29, 2010 from, http://www.princeton.edu/~pccm/outreach/scsp/mixturesandsolutions/petroleum_refining.htm
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