The Latest Contraception Options, Research Paper Example

Karl Von Frisch found out that honeybees can differentiate the diverse flowering plants by smell. Von Frisch used classical differentiation conditioning. He taught the bees to eat from a dish with a blue colored piece of paper. Von Frisch established the card in the midst of papers which possessed a gray tone. If the bees perceived the colored cards as being gray, they would confound the blue colored cards with a minimum of one of the gray shaded cards and the bees coming to eat would confound a minimum of one card in the set (Reser et al., 2012; Von Frisch, 1973).

If the bees can perceive color, they would only eat from the colored cards. The aspect of color brightness could be distinguished in the bees’ vision by teaching the bees to eat from blue and yellow striped card and then establishing white and grey cards as a test of color brightness perception. Bees have enhanced ultra violet vision and are very sensitive to yellow (Reser et al., 2012; Von Frisch, 1973).

Progesterone has the responsibility of stabilizing the blood sugar and enabling the actions of the thyroid hormones in order to moderate the menstrual cycles of the females and to sustain a pregnancy. The well-being of the embryo is reliant on progesterone. Progesterone facilitates the effects of estrogen (Casey & Pruthi, 2008).

In the absence of Y chromosomes, the ovaries develop in mammals. The ovaries manufacture estrogen which facilitates the development of the Müllerian duct within the uterus. Testosterone destroys the Müllerian duct. Testosterone causes the fetus to produce testes, a scrotum and a penis in the male anatomy (Gilbert, 2000). Research has demonstrated that in canaries there had been testosterone evident which was manifest in the yolk of the canary eggs. This evidence shows that the testosterone originates with the female (Schwabl, 1993).

Research has demonstrated that antipsychotic drugs (i.e., chlorpromazine and haloperidol) have the causal attribute of motivating decreased sexual desire in men and women, cause erectile and ejaculatory challenges in males  in addition to causing difficulties in the female capacity of reaching orgasms (Baldwin & Mayers, 2003).

References

Baldwin, D. & Mayers, A. (2003). Sexual side effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 9: 202- 210.

Casey, P.M. & Pruthi, S. (2008). The latest contraception options: What you must know. J. Fam. Proct., 12: 797-805.

Gilbert, S. F. (2000). Chromosomal sex determination in mammals. In Developmental Biology 6^th edition. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.

Reser, D. H., Wijesekara, W. R., Rosa, M. G. P. & Dyer, A. G. (2012). Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Learn color discrimination via differential conditioning independent of long wave length (Green) photoreceptor modulation. PLoS ONE, 7(11): e48577.

Schwabl, H. (1993). Yolk is a source of maternal testosterone for developing birds. PNAS, 90(24): 11446- 11450.

Von Frisch, K. (1973) Decoding the language of honeybees. University of Munich.