The USA Video Game Industry, Research Paper Example

Abstract

The study of neuroscience and biological psychology are two branches of distinct expertise that draws the possibilities on determining how human behavior could be measured and identified accordingly. It is assumed that through the definite indication of these two branches of science as they are being applied in studying the basic elements of human development, more insistent procedures of explaining the whys and how[s] of human reactions especially in dealing with particular events that are definitely taking a turn especially in mandating a practical pattern of development in constructive explanations that help provide an essence of enlightenment with regards human nature.

Answering several cases in this examination provides a definite presentation on how neuroscience and biological psychology work together to create a workable nature that definitely insists on how the science in human behavior works to make a distinct sense of indicative characterization between individuals is valid enough. This approach is hoped to explain better on how biology and psychology relate well towards each other as human basics are being fully explained in complete context.

Outline

Psychologists’ Approaches of Examining of Behavior and Process

This section talks about the basic issues of psychology while introducing a distinct indication of what psychology is about. It also makes a definite coordination on how psychology is largely applicable in the concept of insisting how human behavior instantiates a better identification of what human nature is about.

This section also provides a clear presentation on how psychologists deal with human individuals as they are being observed and analyzed based on the reactions that they present when particular issues arise.

Case: Violent crimes are caused by aching of violent television shows

This part of the discussion tries to evaluate the relation between the airing of violent television programs in connection to the high rates of crime occurring in the world among youths at present. Relating the explanation to the basic concept of cognitive development, such connection is understood accordingly, especially in the hope of making a definite indication on how practical interventions could help reduce such occurrence of chaotic situations in the society today.

Description, comparison and contrast of the nervous system, the endocrine system and the limbic system

In this part of the presentation, a practical insistence on how the three primary biological systems of the human body work together and how they affect the psychological being of a particular individual. Through presenting the basic functions of these systems, a definite line of connection is being established for the creation of better knowledge among readers and experts who are to use this presentation as a definite course of development in determining the real concepts behind human response and human reactions.

Case study: Cognitive Approach

The cognitive forms of development among humans have always fascinated experts. Psychologists have actually tried through time to examine the different elements related to this matter; and somehow, every turn of time, there is always something new that explains a fascinating truth about the cognitive approach of learning among humans.

Psychologists’ Approaches of Examining of Behavior and Process

Psychology refers to the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. In this case, one needs to understand another person simultaneously in examining, his/her biological makeup, psychological experiences and function and the cultural and historical moment. By mastering the three concepts, it leads to the so-called triple bookkeeping. In this section, a description of the different perspectives used by psychologists in the study of the behavior and mental processes and an explanation of the relationship with each perspective is being undertaken as follows.

Behavioral neuroscience studies the physical basis of psychological feature portrayed by people in terms of emotions, stress, and motivation. In this case, cross cultural psychological tries to examine psychological hypotheses from different cultures. Here, the culture and biology is the boundary and constraint over the study of the behavioral phenomena and processes portrayed by people (Hinshaw et al, 2007).

Another way of studying psychological behavior and process is by the action of human being, which poses the question whether their actions are featured by free will or determinism. This means that people choose their actions freely or is through lawful patterns through which this action follows. In addition, they tend to use the body-mind relationship explaining about the mental and physical events in the interaction within a human being.

Psychodynamic is a perspective, which originated from Sigmund Freud. This perspective tends to explain that psychological processes that guide behavior are unconscious. Therefore, to him, consciousness is like that tip of an iceberg. In addition, psychodynamic perspectives tend to use case study techniques in examining one behavior. Despite that, there has been an ongoing effort to apply other techniques in the examination of people’s behavior and processes. This is so because, it is perceived that this type of behavioral study tends to give more fruitful examination of one’s behavior.

According to Skinner, behavior can be understood well by selecting learned responses and behaviors of individual in relation to their environment and their results. In this case, a mind of a person is likened a black box because it cannot be studied scientifically. This poses the role of having laboratory experiment in determining one’s behavior and processes he/she possess.

Cognitive perspective looks on the side of how one processes, stores and retrieves information. In this case, a study on the information process within a person is undertaken in that the person takes information from the environment and changes it into meaning information. Through this, the mind is perceived to be like a computer, which is fully installed with the right software to do a specific task. In addition, the perspective considers experimental method as the right way to examine one’s behavior and process (Hinshaw et al, 2008).

In evolutionary perspective, the existence of human behavioral proclivities is due to the belief that behavior helped the ancestors to survive and be able to produce young ones that would likely be able to survive too. In this case, a concept of natural selection is being taken as the main mechanism of explanation of the perspective in that, natural forces are the ones which select traits in the organism and this traits leads to the adaptability of the organism to the environmental niche. In this case, evolution selects the organisms, which are able to maximize their reproductive success and reproduce, and in addition, they should be able to reproduce and give to success of genetically related individuals. The psychologists use comparative and deductive techniques in examining the behavior of human beings and their processes. Despite these two methods, there has been an effort to use experimental method in the study of the behavior of human beings.

In conclusion, despite the lack of a unified psychological paradigm, the different psychological perspective of the human behavior and processes have been in use with common accepted metaphors, theoretical propositions and accepted techniques of observing of behaviors and  processes portrayed by human being (Dunlop, 2009). For example, cognitive, behavioral, neuroscience, and evolution have made a great contribution towards the use of the examination of the human behavior and process and some of the areas have been integrated such as in clinical psychology. The cognitive and behavioral perspective accepts the principle of behaviorist and there is an emphasis on the role of thought processes.

Case: Violent crimes are caused by aching of violent television shows

In this case, the dependent variable is the violence and the independent variable is the violent shows. The claim that watching of violent shows leads to teens engaging in violent activities is true because the teens tend to emulate what they see at the shows. By doing so, they end up being in the position of committing a crime which they never even intended to do (Dunlop, 2009).

Majority of the teens are not in a position of determining what is wrong or right before they put anything into practice. Therefore, by watching violent shows, the possibility of trying to put into practice what they see is high. Hence, there is a high chance of committing crime. For example, the survey by Pew research center in 2008 found that the playing of violent games by teens was something, which is addictive. The report states that the number of teens reported playing a game for just ‘yesterday’ did not play for more than one hour but the once who were used to play did so for at least one hour.

For this case, a survey should be carried out whereby 5000 people will be interviewed. The number of teens who have committed the crime and the various previous and the source of their behavior of causing that violent will be determined. By doing so, it will be found that more than 90% of the teens who are arrested because of violent crime will be that of watching violent shows. This will make the states’ chief state to be true. Therefore, I recommend the abolishing of the violent shows to teens.

Description, comparison and contrast of the nervous system, the endocrine system and the limbic system

The nervous system is the part of the body of an animal that controls all voluntary and involuntary actions and signals that might be transmitted from one part of the body to another. It is comprised of two parts, the central nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord while the peripheral part consists of the nerves, which connects the central nervous system to other parts of the body.

The endocrine system is a group of glands that produce hormones for regulating metallization of food in the body, sexual functioning, reproduction, tissue function and growth and development. This glands includes; pancreas, hypothalamus ,pineal gland, pituitary gland, gastrointestinal tract ,ovaries, thyroid gland, , testes, parathyroid gland, , and adrenal glands.

The limbic system is that complex set of the structures of the brain, which is located on both side of the thalamus, under the cerebrum. It includes the amygdala, olfactory bulbs, column of fornix, hippocampus, anterior thalamic nuclei, mammillary body, habenular commissure, cingulate gyrus, fornix, septum pellucidum parahippocampal gyrus, limbic cortex, and limbic midbrain areas. It helps in the support of various functions such as adrenaline flow, behavior, motivation, emotions, long-term memory, and olfaction (Dunlop, 2009). The emotional life is housed within the limbic system and is the one, which is responsible for formation of memories.

Comparison and contrast

The endocrine system is an information system like the nervous system, which uses signals for transmission of information. Despite that, the endocrine system has a different mechanism of operations compared to the nervous system. In addition, the speed of information transfer in the nervous system is faster than that in the endocrine system whereby, the information in the nervous system is send within a short time like microseconds while in the endocrine system, information can be send and take weeks or years to reach its intended destination.

Case study: Cognitive Approach

In the center of the human development life cycle, there are stages in which the person passes through his or her life. In this case, the preoperational cognitive stage of development is being considered in relation to Jessie a kindergarten pupil who went to a fire station with her fellow pupils and the story she told her brother in relation to (Giere, 2008);

Egocentrism: This is being unable to separate oneself from other people is perspective. In this case, Jessie told the story about the fire station in a manner that would suggest how bad she felt in relation to the fire. In addition, she would have told the story about the feeling of other people in the same scene.

Observational Learning: This is a learning style, which one gets information and gets to learn about something by observing what other people are doing. In this case, the child told the story on how she show people help in the rescue. This shows how she would also do when she will grow up.

Overgeneralization in language: This is the use of the language by applying the common rule used in communication. In this case, the child would have misinterpreted the information if the metaphoric statements were used since the child does not have the understanding of the language. The use of phrasal verb, ‘put off’ the fire would have been misunderstood.

Reconstructive memory: This a theory with the cognitive perception whereby the act remembering is influenced by the various processes of the cognitive approach such as Perception, Semantic memory Imagination and Beliefs, and many other. In this case, the child would have a wrong perception towards the people who were at the fireplace and she would have lost her memory of the story she told because her brain has not developed well enough to retain information for a long period.

Schema: this refers to the organization thoughts of information in relation to its occurrence and the ability of retrieving it. In this case, the child would have been pardon now and then for the mismatch of events at the fireplace. This will lead to information distortion and reaching the intended user becomes difficult (Skehan, 2008).

References

Dunlop, J. C. (2009). The U.S. Video Game Industry. New York: Cengage Learning.

Giere, R. N. (2008). Explaining science: A cognitive approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Hinshaw, S. P., Zupan, B. A., Simmel, C., Nigg, J. T., & Melnick, S. (August 01, 2007). Peer Status in Boys With and Without Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Predictions from Overt and Covert Antisocial Behavior, Social Isolation, and Authoritative Parenting Beliefs. Journal of Child Development, 68 (5), 880-896.

Skehan, P. (2008). A cognitive approach to language learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.