Autism and the Difficulties, Research Paper Example

Introduction

Autistically affected individuals have demonstrated challenges with regards to the recognition of facial component expression.  Studies have shown that the challenge in the recognition of the expression of the facial component is attributed to a decreased stimulation of the fusiform gyrus. The individuals who are afflicted with autism have shown that the fusiform gyrus becomes sensitized with regards to the recognition of the affective content in verbal expressions [1, 4] The research question which will be explored is how the fusiform gyrus influences the recognition of the affective and non-affective content of the facial component expressions in the patients who are affected with autism. The perspectives of Han et al. (2014), Minshew and Williams (2007), Oblak et al. (2010), Perlman et al. (2011), were accessed in the research.

Research has demonstrated that individuals who are affected with ASD have demonstrated a hyper stimulation of the fusiform gyrus with regards to the recognition of the affective content in facial component expressions [3].

The GABA system has been shown to be influenced in people who are affected with ASD. GABA has been documented as the primary neuro transmitted in the neural system [1, 3].

Children who are affected with ASD have “diminished and aberrant eye contact… a lifelong hallmark of disability “[4: 23].

Facial characteristics recognition has been shown to be instrumental in the comprehension of communication [1].

Children affected with autism have deficient ocular contact [1].

Research has shown that children who are affected with autism have shown that they have supplemental modulation in the FFG for the house stimuli that is defective in the modulation that is required for the facial acknowledgement stimuli. This quality has been manifested by increasing the resolution of the facial characteristics in empirical conditions

In the practical applications of understanding verbal expressions, individuals who are affected with ASD have shown enhanced stimulation of the inferior right frontal gyrus. This may be a compensatory reaction in order to administration the processing of social information [1].

Individuals who are ASD affected have been shown to process complete faces in a similar manner that the healthy respondents process objects. The deficiency manifested by ASD patients is in the recognition of the expression of the facial components [4].

The deficiency in the FFG activation in the individuals who are affected by autism may be demonstrative of the diminished FFG response in the control respondents [4].

It can be theorized that the fusiform gyrus in the individuals with ASD may have the requisite of increased stimulation in order to understand the implications of verbal expressions [1].

People who have ASD have been shown to have increased activation of the fusiform gyrus with regards to the affective content of words when compared with healthful respondents [1].

Patients who are affected with ASD have been demonstrated to have increased stimulation of the verbal temporal and occipital- parietal zones with regards to the resolution of problems [1].

The patients with ASD may apply the right hemisphere of the brain in order to compensate for a defective left hemisphere of the brain [1].

Patients with ASD have been documented to have enhanced stimulation in the inferior right frontal gyrus when compared to healthful respondents [1].

In research that was conducted on speaker- congruent vs. speaker incongruent sentences, the respondents who manifested ASD symptoms demonstrated enhanced stimulation in the frontal gyrus of the right inferior portion of the cerebral cortex [1].

The increased stimulation of the frontal gyrus of the right inferior portion of the cerebral cortex has been shown in the respondents affected with ASD [1].

The respondents with ASD have demonstrated augmented activity in the frontal gyrus associated with the right inferior portions of the brain [1].

Patients with autism have been demonstrated to have an elevated level of expertise for the comprehension of verbal and facial expressions in comparison to the other classifications of items compared to healthfully developing respondents [4].

Studies have shown that the hypo activation of the fusiform gyrus as being the causal attribute for the brain based distinctions in ASD [1].

Three potential factors that administrate the FG level of activity are in the anterior cingulate cortex are the moderation of attention, administration of emotion and the level of cognition [3].

The attention maintenance qualities of elevated function individuals with ASD has been proven to be enhanced [2].

The basic perceptual skill qualities were demonstrated to be more elevated in patients who were highly functional ASD respondents [2].

The social knowledge characteristics of the highly functional ASD respondents was demonstrated to h be at an augmented level [2].

The fusiform gyrus neurons in respondents affected by ASD have been shown to be irregular [2].

The interneurons have been shown to be deficient in the patients who have ASD [2].

Patients with autism have been demonstrated to have fewer neurons. This is the result of the decrease in dimensions of the corpus callosum [2].

Conclusion

Studies have demonstrated that the fusiform gyrus is a component of the expansive neural matrix that is part of the facial recognition system.  In individuals who are affected with ASD, there has been irregularities in the facial recognition neural system have been encountered. One of the challenges of autism that has been documented is the lack of eye contact. Instead of focusing on the eyes, ASD affected individuals focus on the mouth in interpersonal communications.

References

Han DH, Yoo HJ, Kim BN, McMahon W, Renshaw PF. Brain activity of adolescents with high functioning autism in response to emotional words and facial emoticons. PLoS ONE. 2014 [accessed 2015 Jun 12]; 9(3):1-8. Academic Search Complete. http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.faytechcc.edu/. Accession no.:95436286.

Minshew, MJ, Williams, DL.The new neurobiology of autism: Cortex, connectivity and neuronal organization. Arch. Neurol. 2007 [accessed 2015 Jun 21];

64(7): 945- 950. NIH Public Access. http://www.ncbi.nlm.mih.gov/pmc/article/PMC2597785/pdf/nihms79717.

Perlman SB, Hudac CM, Pegors T, Minshew NJ, Pelphrey KA. Experimental manipulation of face-evoked activity in the fusiform gyrus of individuals with autism. Social Neuroscience. 2011 [accessed 2015 Jun 12]; 6(1):22-30. Academic Search Complete. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.faytechcc.edu/. Accession no.:57867421.

Oblak AL, Gibbs TT, Blatt GJ. Decreased GABA_B receptors in the cingulate cortex and fusiform gyrus in autism. J Neurochem. 2010 [accessed 2015 Jun 12]; 114(5):1414-1423. AGRIS. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.faytechcc.edu/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06858.x. Accession no.:edsagr.US201301874583.