Global Warming: Italy’s Position on Global Climate Change, Annotated Bibliography Example

Global warming has been a phenomenon that has dominated world news and concerns since the late 19^th century. It has been discussed and strategized over in some of the top summits and seminars by prominent world leaders and scientists alike. But what is global warming? Global warming is widely defined as the increase in earth’s average atmospheric temperature and oceans and its probable increase. The validity of the existence of global warming is evident with the earth’s rapidly changing weather patterns, the obvious increased temperature and the impacts these facets of global warming are having on the earth’s physical and chemical make-up. However, despite all the theories and evidence of Global Warming, there are numerous school of thoughts that question the existence of global warming and its economic impacts. In this paper, the citations in this annotated bibliography discourse on the different impacts of climate change. However, there are other citations that question the existence and validity of Global Warming.

Arguments for Global Warming

Abatzoglou, John T, and Crystal A. Kolden. “Climate Change in Western Us Deserts: Potential for Increased Wildfire and Invasive Annual Grasses.” Rangeland Ecology & Management (2011): 471-478. Print.

This study focuses on the delivery and modelling of information to invasive species agencies and managers. However, the literature review of the article was concisely written and contained complete information and data on the relationship between climate change, wild fires, and the increases in hostile grasses in the western part of the United States, this is especially in the deserts of the region. The authors clearly make their argument on the manner that the invasive species of grass species accompanied by much harsher climatic condition have birthed an increase of wildfires in the Southwest.

Filella, Ionda, Pere Comas and Josep Peñuelas. “Changed Plant and Animal Life Cycles from 1952 to 2000 in the Mediterranean Region.” Global Change Biology (2002). Internet Source.

This article discourses on the long-term study of the transformed animal and plant cycles around the Northeast Spanish Mediterranean town of Cardedeu. The study shows temperature change data and then delves into the discussion of the way this change has impacted wildlife study in the area. Economic impacts on the area are also cited.

Mazza, Patrick, and Rhys Roth. Global Warming Is Here: The Scientific Evidence. Washington: Dept. of Community, Trade and Economic Development, 1999. Print.

This article provides the intricate details on Global Warming. The damages caused by extreme weather in 1998 are detailed with the economic facet critically analyzed. Finding by the National Science Foundation are critically studied with on basis of natural indicators. The implications on Polar Regions, impact on plants and animals and the effects on middle and lower latitude mountain glaciers are looked at in a detailed manner. Of note is the surprising information on bird population along the northwest coast.

U.S. Dept. of State. U.s. Climate Action Report, 2002: Third National Communication of the United States of America Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Washington: U.S. Dept. of State, 2002. Internet Source.

This is an in-depth report developed from the United States government report that was produced for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The report depicts the national characteristics of the United States that have influenced and effected climate change. The report, in detail, elucidates how greenhouse gas emissions are increasing and how the United States government is mitigating the emissions. The report further delves into what the United States perceives as the impacts of global warming, citing major economic impacts, and how the government plans to mitigate the effects.

Arguments that Global Warming Does not exist

Allen, Thompson. “Responsibility for the end of nature: or, how I learned to stop worrying and love global warming.” Ethics and the Environment (2009): 79. Web Source.

In this article Allen Thompson talks about how he learned to stop worrying about global warming. At first Thompson discusses how he used to worry about global and how it would affect our lives. But as he began to think about it more and do more research he noticed that it was out of his control. He realized he really couldn’t do anything about global warming himself so he began to learn how to enjoy global warming.

Botkin, Daniel B. “Global Warming Does Not Threaten Biodiversity.” Ed. At Issue Series (2010). Print.

In this article Daniel Botkin discuss how global warming does not threaten biodiversity, which is a common belief. He looks at both sides of the argument and disproves one side. Then he backs up his belief with good facts and good resources and research.

Arguments that Global Warming is Not Caused by Human Beings

Contoski, Edmund. Global Warming is a Myth. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Print.

In this article author Edmund Contoski discusses numerous facets of global warming and how these facet of global warming are false. Contoski discusses of how a huge proportion of the warming of the earth took place prior to the age of factories and autos. Contoski also delves into the way human produced carbon dioxide is very diminutive unparalleled to the amount that is produced naturally. Contoski also further discusses how the warming is in point of fact advantageous to our planet and the human race.

The article analyzes data and information from the book “Global Warming” by David Haugen, Susan Musser, and Kacy Lovelace

Dennis, Avery T. “Global Warming Is Caused by a Climate Cycle, Not Greenhouse Gases.” Ed. At Issue Serie (2009). Print.

In this article author Dennis Avery discusses many controversial topics such as fossil fuels and Co2. Avery gives us facts about the 1500 year cycle, Co2 data, and ice core data. With each set of facts he uses reliable resources to back up his arguments.

Spencer, Roy. “Human-Produced Carbon Dioxide Contributes to Global Warming.” Eds. Opposing Viewpoints Series (2010): 69-75. Print.

In this article Roy Spencer specifically discuss how human produced carbon dioxide does not affect global warming. Spencer goes into detail how little humans actually produce when it comes to carbon dioxide. He gives many statistics showing how nature is the main contributor when it comes to CO2. He also discusses how a majority of earths heating happened prior to human’s major pollution.

Italy’s Stance on Global Warming

Fantechi, Roberto S and Speranza A. Global Change: Proceedings of the First Demetra Meeting Held at Chianciano Terme, Italy from 28 to 31 October 1991. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1995. Print.

The author highlights some of Italy’s first advancements on the fight against global warming. The author highlights hoe the country’s environment is particularly vulnerable to the effects of the rapidly change of the environment. During the meeting, Italy’s officials draw up adaptation measures that would aid the country’s industries in withstand and change with the environment while maintaining productivity. Through the advent of globalization, Italy was to take advantage of the international cooperation found under the Convention on Climate Change. This would be taking advantage of the new industrial products and processes and new technology that is in tandem worth the protection of the environment and take on new methodologies in forestry and agriculture.

Globel, Klaus. Global Stability Through Disarmament, Metropolis and Population, Ozone Hole, Carbon Dioxide Balance, Global Warming, Renewable and Nuclear Energy: Erice, Italy, 19-24 August 1993. Singapore: World Scientific, 1994. Print.

The author highlights Italy’s contribution in Global stability through their support on the creation of metropolis and population control. Furthermore, efforts by Italy include creation of carbon dioxide balance. The country’s resort to advancements in renewable energy are of notable contribution towards the mitigation of global warming.

At this point in time, the Italian government believed that through the instituting of policies and laws that would force industries to be responsible with the levels of greenhouse emissions. The government believed that only through such policies shall the country ensure a stable environment.

Italy. First Italian National Communication to the Framework Convention on Climate Change. Bonn: The Ministry, 1995. Print.

This paper depicts Italy’s fist official continual commitment to the global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and absorptions that were detailed in the fits paper in 1990. The paper examines the programs conducted by the Italian government in the reduction of greenhouse gases by analyzing transport, energy, waste disposal, reforestation and industrial sectors.

The country aims to maintain the terms of the international agreement entered into by Italy together with other nations. Furthermore, this is a fundamental model through which the country can the framework for sustainable development while maintaining reasonable environmental standards.

Ragaini, Richard C and Zichichi Antonino. International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies, 34th Session: Energy, Nuclear and Renewable Energy … : “e. Majorana” Centre for Scientific Culture, Erice, Italy, 19-24 Aug. 2005. New Jersey: World Scientifc, 2006. Internet Source.

In this paper, the international seminar that is held in Erice, Italy seeks to show the country’s commitment and devotion to mitigation and reduction of global warming. During the seminar, Italy’s contribution is cited where the country’s effort in the reduction of their greenhouse gases emissions is seen to significantly reduce over the past decade. Italy’s international cooperation is brought out while showing their training and information programs.

The country’s observations and systematic research on its own climate and the Mediterranean region have played an important role in the formation of policies that are geared towards the regulation of greenhouse emissions by the different industries that are present in the country. Through these policies, the country and the government maintains their commitment to fulfill the agreements that were accepted under the European Community in 29^th October 1990.