Health Services, Essay Example

In discussing the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency regardinghealth care services in America is to indicate that this country has the most sophisticated health care interventions. Services are provided at three main levels namely, primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary health care makes available primary physician services under Medicare, Medicaid or private insurance coverage; Diagnostic tests can be accessed along with vaccines for children.Citizens who do not have health insurance have limited access to health care services. About 60% of Americans do not have health insurance. As such, quality health care is inaccessible to them (DeNavas-Walt et.al, 2011).

Importantly, health care facilities are owned and subsequently operated by private businesses. For-profit health care organizations account for 18% of all health care services. Government owns 20% and private non-profit 62%. Secondary health care facilities are available to provide hospitalization and short term therapy in the event citizens need additional services such as surgery; rehabilitation and emergency care. Tertiary level health care services are rendered to persons who have to be in long term care facilities due to chronic diseases (Marquis & Huston, 2011).

However, an accurate evaluation of the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency regarding health care services in America is exemplified in the life expectancy rates of its citizens. Precisely, it ranks 50^th among 221 developed nations at 78.8-75.2 in 1990. More recently twenty-first century figures show where the life expectancy of American has dropped significantly.Present comparative life expectancy rates show that United States of America has the lowest among developed nations. Further, reports have been that this country has the worst health care delivery system among developed nations due to inaccessibility of health care services incurred through lack of insurance coverage and exorbitant out of pocket costs (Murray, 2 013).

Works cited

DeNavas-Walt, C. Proctor, B., &. Smith, J.Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2010. U.S. Census Bureau: Current Population Reports, P60-239. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2011. Print

Marquis, B. L. & Huston, C. J. Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing. Theory and application. (7th ed.) Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkin. 2011. Print.

Murray, C. The State of US Health, 1990–2010: Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors. Journal of the American Medical Association. 310 (6): 2013, 591–Print