Lottery, Annotated Bibliography Example

Borg, M. O., P. M. Mason, et al. The Economic Consequences of State Lotteries.

Westport, CT and London, Greenwood, Praeger, 1991.

The author “The Economic Consequences of State Lotteries” evaluates the contribution of lotteries that are operated by the state on efficiency as well as equity in government revenue as well as expenditure policy. The author also gives a summary of the statistical data concerning the lotteries that exist in the nation. The writer also assesses the issues of equity in the state-operated lotteries through a critical analysis of budgetary incidences attributed to lottery in the State of Florida.

The author also addresses issues of efficiency in the state lotteries with special regard for six states that offer support to education through lotteries. The lotteries have also been linked to to taxes as sources of revenue for the states. The author has also presented some policy prescriptions for the lotteries future and potential research in lotteries in the future. The book is potentially resourceful in the study.

Brunori, D. State Tax Policy: A Political Perspective. Washington, D.C., Urban Institute Press, 2005.

The author is keen in the evaluation of the issues encountered by political leaders during implementation of tax policy at state level with particular regard for “classic tax policy” that highlights particular principles that are linked to viable systems of revenue in the state. The author also sheds light on the link between economic development and state tax policy formation. The political interests with significant implication on the state’s tax policymaking are also incorporated in the book.

The author also reviews a major revenue system in the state which involves sales as well as use of tax. Personal income as well as corporate income and supplementary forms of taxes that have been imposed by the state are also catered for by the author. Nontax sources of revenue such as lottery revenue, license fees and intergovernmental aid have also been addressed. The author has made significant contribution in shedding light on this field.

Campbell, N. D. (2003). “Do Lottery Funds Increase Educational Expenditure? Evidence from        Georgia’s Lottery for Education.” Journal of Education Finance 28(3): 383-401.

The author sheds light on the contribution of Georgia Lottery on the educational spending at Georgia K-12. In doing so, panel data set for four year period in post-lottery observations of every county out of the total 159 counties in Georgia  coupled with a novel approach to this analysis have been employed in this situation.

Based on the literature available, a constructive and statistically relevant relationship is evident between the spending on K-12 educational spending and the spending of the lottery. The spending for Georgia Lottery K-12 has no significant influence on K-12 spending and dependence on lottery’s K-12 spending represents a misplaced notion.

Chen, S.-H. and B.-T. Chie “Lottery Markets Design, Micro-structure, and Macrobehavior: An ACE Approach.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 76(2): 463-480, 2008.

The author posits to establish agent-based computational modeling in the lottery market for the purpose of researching the issues of design, the behavior of emerging market as well as the tax rate associated with the lottery. The author applies fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms to model the lottery subjects to autonomous agents to become endogenously adapt to the properties of specific behaviors that coincide with a pattern of behavior observable in the lottery market.

The research is associated with important findings. The optimal tax rate associated with the lottery assumed a a flat top Laffer curve which is an indication of non-uniqueness. The research also demonstrates a conscious behavior of selection which weakens with time. The findings also indicate a halo effect.

Combs, K. L., J. Kim, et al. “The Relative Regressivity of Seven Lottery Games.” Applied Economics 40(1-3): 35-39, 2008.

The author is interested in a study of implicit incidences of tax in which case, the state raises revenue from the lottery that is ran as a monopoly of the state. The data set associated with Minnesota lottery game by means of a zip code as been used in the research.

In the research, the bootstrap is a vital tool applied in the computation of SEs thus leading to the construct of the confidence intervals involving the Suits Indices in the seven products of a lottery.

Based on the findings, it is concluded that, an implicit tax associated with every particular product is regressive, thus statistically crucial disparities are evident in the regressivity between a numbers of products.

Corazzini, L., M. Faravelli, et al. “A Prize to Give For: an Experiment on Public Good Funding Mechanisms.” Economic Journal 120(547): 944-967, 2010.

The author in this journal article analyses the mechanisms of fund raising on the basis of a prize as a potential means to override free riding evident in private provision involving public utilities.

The focus of the researcher is the environment considering some aspects that have income heterogeneity as a common feature coupled with sufficient information pertaining to income levels. The investigation in this regard involves a experimental comparison of lottery performance and a contribution mechanism involving a benchmark voluntary. The findings indicate an enhanced performance for the prize-based mechanisms relative to the voluntary contribution in consideration of provision of public goods.

Coulthard, A.R. “Jackson’s ‘The Lottery’.” The Explicator 48, no. 3 (1990): 226-227. Web. 31 2013.

An account of little interest in the article “The Lottery” as written by Shirley Jackson while making a succinct observation of individuals residing in the state as well as the community. The essay assays gives an account of other people willing to engage in risk to achieve a pleasure associated with unpunishable yearly killing.

This therefore raises the point that, some of the people are engaged in acts of killing fellow members of their own town with little regard for the consequences of their actions. Therefore, the thoughts of the people are unconscious on their actions and only following suit the actions of others.

Hicks, Jennifer. “Overview of ‘The Lottery’.” Short Stories for Students. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Literature Resource Center. Web. 3 2013.

The author expresses opinions of critics as presented in a variety of articles that have already been published concerning the reasons behind writing of the story as well as the reasoning that guided the story writing. According to the authors, “The Lottery” is an analogous to a social order as well as an ideology of “essentially capitalist”. This is a viable theory as proven after reading the political and economic structures of capitalism as presented by Marx.

As the capitalist analogy was addressed, the writing could also represent a real community and on the basis of feminist perspective, the village men had a strong part to play, hence the story was sexiest as the role dominated by men in this story is strong. The article was definitely useful due to the multiple outlooks of reasoning and divergent opinions that are associated with the plot.

Schaub, Danielle. “Shirley Jackson’s Use of Symbols in ‘The Lottery.’.” Journal of the Short Story in English 14 (Spring 1990): 79-86. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 187. Detroit: Gale, 2007. Literature Resource Center. Web. 19, 2013.

The objective of the author involves the use of symbols in the entire story in ‘The Lottery’. The beginning of ‘The Lottery’ is a characteristically miniature town gathering that upholds critical traditions. Everything appears to be normal in the first place, but a significant twist is evident after winning the lottery that prompts some people to organize in a mob to execute murder.

The writer attributes this to a puzzle associated with a final shock that shakes and disturbs many people. The writer focuses on anthroplogical allusions associated with summer solstice rituals as the chief concern of the article. The article is specifically interesting as well as insightful on the ideas of “The Lotery”.

Shields, Patrick J. “Arbitrary Condemnation and Sanctioned Violence in Shirley Jackson’s ‘The Lottery’.” Contemporary Justice Review Vol. 7(4) (2004): 411-419. EBSCOhost. Web. 13, 2013.

Contemporary Justice Review is an article that makes use of lottery to exemplify government acts as portrayed by the writer in the fictitious work. The aspects of the story in this respect have been broken down in the form of community as a group against individuals with the setting being the contemporary society policies.

The author makes a point for specific states that at group level, the acts done by some individual as considered to be heinous rituals and this serves as a perfect evidence for justification of Miss Strangeworth actions as she attributes the actions as critical in her duty that are perceived as a ritual but in the real sense, they only serve to abuse the general public. Furthermore, the application of ‘community’ in “The Lottery” is a direct indication of ignorance of the actions as clearly indicated through the choice of savagery against tradition for perpetuating their actions.