Management of Precipitous Deliveries, Annotated Bibliography Example

Emergency deliveries

Hauck, F., Moore, C., Stainslaw, H., Donovan, M., Kalelkar, M., Christoffel, K., Hoffman, H., & Rowley, D. (2002)The Contribution of Prone Sleeping Position to the Racial Disparity inSudden Infant Death Syndrome: The Chicago Infant Mortality Study. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Vol. 110 (772). DOI: 10.1542/peds.110.4.772

This article presents a study on SIDS in the city of Chicago, according to Hauck, et .al (2002) stating that the National Institution of Child Health and Human Department explained that there is no comphrensive explanation on the health condition of Sudden Infant DeathSyndrome under one year of year of age. Whereas, the Chicago Infant Mortality Researchers has an explanation of sudden infant deaths ranged from one year of age to five year of age from an environmental exposures and other contributing adversity that caused SIDS. According to the Chicago Infant Mortality Study, The first set of analyses compared the U.S. naturalization mothers who were enrolled in thestudy (n _ 249) with thosemothers who are not ineligible to participate the study(n _ 321). Between the two groups of participants, there are no differences in distribution variables. The third group of eligible participants did not want to participate the study (9973). Differences were found in the following variables: Participants with formal education, P_001, compared to the participants with an equivalent education,( P_.027, and Kessner Index (65.2% v.s. non participants 53.6% ) had adequate services for the infants, P _ .001).Hence, the disparities of SIDS are alarming to the growing rates of SIDS among African American with the rates of 4.0 compared to Caucasians with rates of 1.7 to the U.S. rates of 1.3 per thousand live births, according to the public health community in 1991 (Murphy, SL, 1998; Chicago Department of Public Health, 1999).

Price, S., Hillman, L., Gardner, P., Schenk, K., & Warren, C. (2008)Changing Hospital Newborn Nursery Practice: Results from aStatewide ‘‘Back to Sleep’’ Nurses Training Program. Journal of Maternal Child Health. V. 12 (pp. 363-371). DOI: 10.1007/s10995-007-0243-y

The “Back to Sleep” nursing training program under the Missouri hospital training curriculum are designed for the nurses and caregivers on preventing the numbers of incidents of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. This article examines the findings oftwo optionaltraining formats, the first option is the “Train the Trainer” training format, a directed training for selected staff through the contracted agency and second option is the Computer-Based Training (CBT), a CD-ROM format is given by the contracted agency to selected staff and individual nurses to study at their own pace or guided walk-through of its content.Both the TTT group (t = –8.07, df = 252, p < .0005) and the CBT group (t = –13.22, df = 240, p< .0005) demonstrated statistically significant increases in intention to place babies in the supine only position for sleep. The curriculum emphasized the role of supine-only sleep position during vulnerable periods of infant development, and reinforced the importance of modeling a safe sleep practices to new families and public health providers.

Chong, A., Murphy, N., & Matthews, T. (2000) Influence of Sleep Position on Vasomotor Circulatory Control in Infants. Ambulatory Child Health, V.6 (Suppl. 1), pp.30-31.

This article discusses about pathophysiological mechanisms causing death in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). A several pathophysiological mechanismsdescribed of how an infant’s circulatory system misguided the bradycardia, without breathing making aprogress (Miller, Craig, et al. 1978). The circulatory system is a component of the autonomic nervous system via vasomotor tone, which is a partial state of contraction of blood vessels. According to epidemiological and clinical results, they have revealed that the effect of cardiovascular in SIDS infants leads to a reduction in vasomotor tone with peripheral vasodilatation in an effort to dissipate heat (Gibson, A, 1992). As statistically shows that the systolic blood pressure is lower (78.4 vs 81.8 mmHg, P_0.05), tangential skin temperature (33.9 vs33.6 _C, P_0.05), and heart rate (128.9 vs 129.6, NS) increased the rate during the pivotal supine sleep. Following, a different sleep position of the body away from the head reduces the heart rate (_3.8 vs _1.7%, P_0.05) and an intensity of side-lined skin fervent increases (+ 0.3 vs + 0.1_C, P_0.05) and heart rate (130.7 vs 127.5, P_0.05) are compared with the supine position from the‘famished-like’ of skin temperature.As vasomotor tone is critically important in circulatory control, this may be a factor in how the prone sleeping position increases an infant’s risk of SIDS.

Alm, B., Mollborg, P., Erdes, L., Pettersson, R., Aberg, N., Norvenius, G., & Wennergren, G. (2006) SIDS risk factors and factors associated with prone sleeping in Sweden. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Vol. 91 (pp. 915-919). DOI: 10.1136/adc.2005.088328

In Sweden, an incident from an international view was low (1.1 deaths per 1000 live births in 1991). Compared to the U.S. has 1.3 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1991.The campaign is aboutreducing the risk of SIDS promoting a supine sleeping position, non-smoking, breastfeeding, and not over-wrapping the infant. An analysis of supinefactors associated with sleeping position were, significantly associated of risks of mother being unemployed (OR 2.4,95% CI 1.5 to 4.0) and  child was uneasy with his/her breathing (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.1), mother being pregnant at the third trimester and smoked frequency during the third trimester (OR 44.1, 95% CI 1.6 to 1199.6), if the child shareda bedroom with other children (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.6), orthe child never used a dummy dolls around him/her (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9 to 5.4). As a result, the prevalence of supine position during sleep continues to rise without clinical intervention.

Stastny, P., Ichinose, T., Thayer, S., Olson, R., & Keens, T. ( 2004)Infant Sleep Positioning by Nursery Staff andMothers in Newborn Hospital Nurseries. Nursing Research, V.53 (2) pp. 122-128.

This article summarizes the cross-sectional questionnaire-based study on the goals of the  motivations, behaviors, recommendations, and knowledge of nursery staff regarding infant placement, to characterize the infant placement behaviors of mothers of newborns,  and to define how nursery staff influence the positioning choice of these mothers.Overall, most mothers (63%) observed their infant placed in nonsupine positions by nursery staff. A small number of the mothers (19.6%) of infants in nonsupine positions observed are usually using the supine position, whereas more than two thirds (66.3%) of recommendations reported preferring that supine position, a statisticallysignificant difference (p _ .01).However, there is no reason to believe that nursery staff using nonsupine positioning would differ systematically from those using exclusive supine positioning in terms of the frequency with which mothers observed them, making any potential bias nondifferential.

Gessner, B., Ives, G.,& Perham-Hester, K. (2001)Association Between Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Prone Sleep Position, Bed Sharing, and Sleeping Outside an Infant Crib in Alaska.Journal of the American Academy ofPediatrics.V. 108 (923).

This article discusses about SIDS death rates from bed sharing in Alaska, determiningthe time of death of 3 sleeprelatedrisk factors: infant sleep position, bed type, and the presenceof other people in the infant’s bed (bed sharing). Despite this limitation, for most SIDS cases information on the 3 risk factors of interest was available from the death scene investigation, home interview, or emergency department records. The death certificate identified SIDS as a cause of death for 130 infants (cause-specific infant mortalityrate: 2.0 per 1000 live births). Among infants sleeping with another person were found in the pivotal sleeping position, 113 (98%) of 115 known cases. By contrast, 2 (1.7%) were found alone and in supine position in their crib (with low rate of 1% of blanket wrapped around the infant). As a result, there is a further research on each environmental exposure to the prone supine position, which assesses the need of clinical intervention.