More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing, Essay Example

The increases in the health outcomes in India could be attributed to the improved economic situation.  The mortality index for children under five years of age has decreased from 74.7 per thousand residents in 2003 to 71.6 child mortalities per thousand residents in 2004. The improvement that has been sustained in the Indian economy has caused the infant mortality index to decrease to 68.7 in 2012 and there has been a continued trend towards decrease in 2012 with an infant mortality index of 65.8 in 2013.  The life expectancy for Indianresidents has also increased. The life expectancy index has improved from 63.3 years in 2003 to 63.7 years in 2004.  The improving economicsituation in India has caused the life expectancy index to rise to 66 years in 2013 with a continuing rising trend in 2013 that has reached anaverage of 66.2 years.

Starting from 2004, there have been seven important business environmentinitiatives that have been implemented in India. These initiatives range from the acquisition of credit to international trade.  The greatest and most substantial reforms in India have been with regards to commerce. The application of the ICEGATE initiative that is an acronym for the Indian Customs and excise gateway that incorporates a digital information exchange program at the major municipal areas has facilitated increased commerce.  The increased commerce translates into more opportunities for all of the Indian residents. This has caused an increase in the export sector, which consequently has elevated the standard of living (World Bank, 2009).

The information on the graphsdetails the extent to which the seven major initiatives have influenced the Indian economy. The maritime cargo freighters have the potential of submitting their cargo manifests digitally. This has improved the customsclearing processes. Another important achievement has been another government initiative that is detailed as MCA- 21.  This implementation has provided a foundation for the digital registration of commercialestablishments.  A component of the program was the computerization of a number of government offices across the Indian subcontinent.  The amount of time that is required to register a commercial establishment has been reduced to a period of two days.  This is an improvement from the ten day period that was required in 2006 (World Bank, 2009).

Another implementation that the Indian government has applied to the Indian economy is the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission which uses the acronym JNNURM.  This implementation has enabled the registration of property at lower expenses.  In addition, a value added tax has been placed into effect in all of the providences of India. The court cases can also be filed electronically.  The mean time that is required for a start- up operation has been reduced to thirty five days.  This is a significant improvement from the fifty four day period that was required .The construction laws have also been revised for new construction in the municipal areas. The aggregate of these reforms has caused the per capita income to skyrocket between 2003 and 2013 (World Bank, 2009).

Yes, there has been substantialimprovement in the educationalattainmentof the labor force in India.  Research has demonstrated that the labor force reached an all-time high with 14.2 percent of the labor force having attained their primary education in 2005.  In the integration of the Indian economy with the global economy, an Information based society is required. There has been an enhanced demand for a well-educated workforce that has the ability of being able to master new skills and learn independently.  There was a deficit of well trained technicians in India in the 1990s.  The unemployment rate for technicians was 40% and the attrition rate was 12%.  Today, the employment rate for the technically trained personnel has reached 70%.  There is an increase trend that reverses the trends of twenty years ago.  Twenty years ago 12% of the students were lost to attrition.  Today, 12% of the students continue to acquire a tertiary level education(World Bank, 2013).

The total population of India is 1,252 x 10⁹ inhabitants.  The total population of the United States is 3.17 x 10⁸residents.The ration of males to females in the UnitedStates is 1: 1.032183. The ration of males to females in India is 1: 0.933996.  In order to find the difference with the male to female ratio for India should be subtracted from the male to female ration of the United States. The difference ratio which is 0.098188 should be multiplied by the female population of India.  The resulting number is 59,403,740.  This is the estimated number of women who are deficient in the population of India.

In developed nations that include the United States and Europe, the ratio of males to females has the tendency of being equivalent to 1 male to 1.05 females. In the nations of China, Western Asia and South Asia, the ratio of males to females is 1: 0.94. These distinctions can be understood.  It has been described that there may be as many as fifty million women who are missing in China. This number asserted to the disproportions between the male and female populations in nations (i.e.  Pakistan and India) cause the hypothesis to be proposed: Where are the missing women? The article that was written by Sen (1990) proposes that these numbers of females in the population of developing nations is deficient.  It is proposed that there is a deficiency of 100 million women in the populations of the economically developing regions of Asia (Sen, 1990).

In order to provide some type of accounting for the more than 100 million women population difference, there are two explanations that are proposed.  One of the explanations involves the cultural distinctions that are present between the Eastern and Western societies. The proposal is that the Western nations are less sexist.  The other basic explanations review developmental stages of economic production.  This is debated with regards to the disparate health care and nutrition that is provided to women as a characteristic of beingresidents of underdevelopednations that are in the process of economic production.  Economics cannot be the sole answer, for in the nations of Sub-Saharan Africa there are more women than men. The ratio in the nations of Sub- Saharan Africa has been approximately 1: 1.02(Sen, 1990).

In China, prior to the economic and cultural reforms of the middle 1980s, there had been a deficit of women. The deficit decrease however what was demonstrated is that economic reforms are correlated to the corresponding mortality of the female sex. The condition of the economic authority and the status of the women can vary substantially from region to region. The owning of assets and employment in the outside environment can have far extending implications of the separations of benefits and labors in the family.  The concepts of social perception have a significant participation in the gender inequality of women(Sen, 1990).

In the event that the women are able to acquire assets and outside income, the separation of the mutual family benefits is less probable to be favorable to women.  The traditional bias is that raising males is more desirable that raising females in a familyis attributed to the males being able to provide more toward the family’s economic security.  In the event that women are allowed to endeavor in similar manners as men in well compensated employment positions, these biases could be dispelled.   Consequently, the increased ability of the women in the Western nations may be attributed to the increased possibilities of gainful employment(Sen, 1990).

References

Sen, A. (20 December 1990). More than 100 million women are missing. The New York Review of Books. 

World Bank (2013). Access to technical education in India. World Bank.

World Bank (2009). Doing business in India, 2009. World Bank