Negative Consequences of the Overuse of Credit, Case Study Example

There are various variables in this case; they include dependent and independent variables. The independent variable in this study is the knowledge impacted on the students. The knowledge that the students are provided with, is the one which can be referred to as independent variable. This independent variable will be manipulated by change of the teaching methods or the impacts and consequences of overusing credit; he will try and use different approaches of the consequences that can occur when varying lessons are used. The different consequences of overusing credit as illustrated by the researcher usually manipulate the variable.

The attitude on the credit is the dependent variable; the attitude will change or vary with the type of knowledge that is provided. The student’s attitude will change with the knowledge that the student will get on the credit. The attitude will change with change of knowledge hence referred to as dependent variable in this case.

The type of research used on this case is quasi-experimental design; this is because the change of knowledge will lead to change in the attitude. Quasi-experimental design is characterized by the use of an intact group; this is a case on this experiment.  The diagram is X² -X¹-O where X² is control group while -X¹ is treatment offered to the group and the O is observations made.

A possible alternative hypothesis of this researcher is that the knowledge on the effects of credit will not affect the attitude of the students.

There are several internal validity threats on this study. They include mortality which is a situation where by the people drop out during the time of the research or experiment. In this research, some people may decide to drop out of the experiment hence a big threat to it. Pre-Testing is also another validity internal threat which may affect the experiment. In most cases, the students may likely not change their attitude especially when they realize that it is a test that they are being taken through. There is some effect that is created on the second measurement after the first experiment. This affects the research and the tests being done.

The threat to internal validity which may occur due to use of alternative form of credit attitude scale is pre-testing. There are some effects that are created on the second experiment or measurement. Change of the type of measuring methods or experiments is another internal validity. This may result to the results being expected or even the experiment expectations. Those are the two likely effects to internal validity in the process of trying to use an alternative form of credit attitude scale. Trade off is a situation which involves loosing one aspect or quality of something and in return gaining another aspect or quality. It is usually an exchange which occurs as a compromise. In this case, the researcher is opting to loose his time to teach these students so as to be able to impact the knowledge to them. This knowledge will determine the attitude; therefore he is compromising on the time he uses to teach.

The research in this case can use the knowledge that is impacted on the students to the change of attitude that is caused by the knowledge impacted. The change of attitude usually occurs as a result of the knowledge that the students gets from the researcher. Therefore the researcher compares the knowledge on the students to the change of attitude on them.

The type of research design being used is experimental design; this is because there are comparison groups that are being used in this experiment. The subjects are then assigned randomly to those different groups with the type of treatment being assigned randomly as well. The diagram is R-X² -X¹-O where  R is random assignment, X² is control group while -X¹ is treatment offered to the group and the O is observations made.

This design has classic placebo effect when one group is exposed to some form of treatment. The results of the experiment may be altered with due to one group thinking that they are doing what they are doing due to the kind of treatment being subjected to them.

The internal and external validity varies from both experimental and non-experimental designs. The population validity is an external validity where by the samples of populations being used usually varies from each other. The sample of people being experimented may also have people who vary from one another in terms of personality. Hence this external validity is common to both designs. People have different personalities or traits hence may result to different views or results of the experiment. This external validity applies to both experimental and non-experimental designs. The mortality as an internal validity can threaten both designs in that some people may decide to drop out during the experiment process, this usually results to change of outcomes. Another internal threat is selection where by the selection process may result to biasness in the samples. This may result to faulty methods of sampling in both experimental and non-experimental designs.