Organic Chemistry, Lab Report Example

Organics Chemistry Lab I and II. Second edition. Cengage Learning. 15- 19.

Background: The boiling point of ethyl acetate is the temperature where the thermal energy contained by the liquid exceeds the energy of the cohesive forces which bind the molecules in the liquid state.  The qualities are substantially impacted by the intramolecular forces within the molecule. These intramolecular forces are accountable for the manner by which the compounds will respond to externally generated forces which include temperature and pressure. The structural and dimensional orientation of the molecules are a significant factor in the boiling point of an organic compound. This characteristic is attributed to the complexity of the structure and the dimensions of the molecular structure.

The more compact the molecular structure and the greater complexity that it manifests, the more difficult it becomes to deconstruct the molecular bonds. A sample’s purity is another consideration, when the sample has been contaminated with impurities, the boiling point of the tainted sample becomes distinct from pure samples. As a result, there are inaccuracies which are acquired in the experimental values obtained.

Apparatus: The empirical study applied a small testing tube, capillary tube with a closed end, beaker, thermometer and hot plate.

Procedure: Several drops of the solvent were collocated into a small testing tube. Approximately a milliliter and a half of an unidentified liquid was put into a small testing tube. The capillary tune was positioned into the testing tube will the tapered end facing up. The testing tube was affixed to a stand by means of a clamp. A thermometer was put into the testing tube.

Approximately a third of a milliliter(0.3 ml) was placed into the testing tube. The hot plate was applied and the liquid in the testing tube gradually began to increase in thermal energy. The liquid initiated its process of ebullition and several bubbles were observed to evaporate from the testing tube. The temperature at the point of ebullition was documented and the hot plate was extinguished. The required interval for the cooling of the testing tube was implemented until the temperature of the testing tube became cool.

Caution: The necessary precautions were taken with the hot plate and the testing tube for the avoidance of injuries during the laboratory experiment.

MSDS: Ethyl acetate is a transparent colorless liquid. It has a flash point of – 4 ? C. Ethyl acetate vapors cause irritation of the eyes. In addition, ethyl acetate is a skin irritant. Precautions must be taken with regards to skin and eye contact (Babec Section 3).

Disposal Considerations: The ethyl acetate substrate that had been used during the laboratory experiment was disposed in the waste contained which had the label affixed ¨organic waste.¨

Observations:

Table 1: Theoretical and Experimental Boiling Points of Ethyl Acetate (Mayo 130).

Results :The information in Table 1 demonstrates the theoretical and empirical boilingpoints for ethyl acetate (C₄H₈O₂). In the rough approach, the thermal energy of 69? C was documented when the distillate was initially placed into the testing tube. The final thermal energy of 76? C was documented as the thermal energy remained consistent while the ethyl acetate was being heated by the hot plate. There had been a percentage of uncertainty of 1.43% with regards to the deviation from the theoretical boiling point. The temperature of 68? C was documented when the bubbles ceased evaporating from the capillary tube. The percentage of uncertainty was 7.921%. The information that was collected from theexperiment was similar to the theoretical values (Mayo 131).

Discussion: A non- ionic pure crystalline organically formed compound will usually have an acute melting point. A combination of minute amounts of impurities will usually have the outcome oflowering the boiling point and augmenting the range of the experimental boiling point. The boiling point for a compound is the thermal energy range where the vaporized pressure of the liquid is equivalent to the external environmental pressure. The boiling point of the experiment was ascertained by microscale distillation and normal scale distillation.

Conclusion

The temperature range in point of ebullition of ethyl acetate was ascertained as 69? C – 76? C by the implementation of the rough approach and 68? C by the application of the accurate approach. The percentage uncertainty that was derived from the rough approach was 1.43% and 7.91% by means of the accurate approach. These deviations from the theoreticalvalue could have been derived from human error andlaboratoryerror. The objective of the experiment was achieved. The unidentified liquid was determined to be ethyl acetate as a result of the range of the point of ebullition