Self Actualization, Questionnaire Example

• Maslow uses the concept of Self-actualization. In a few sentences, describe what he means. (5 points)

Maslow’s self-actualization principle describes the acquisition of basic physiological, psychological, and intellectual necessities. Normally, a personality is derived from integration, unity, and clarity. Any organism should be dissected to study the individual parts, rather than merely looking at the whole. Abraham Maslow best described self-actualization as follows: “Self Actualization is the intrinsic growth of what is already in the organism, or more accurately, of what the organism is” (Abraham-maslow.com, 2009).

• Define disability in terms of the environmental model. (5 points)

The environmental model of disability is defined as relinquishing opportunities to act naturally or normally like other members of the community due to cognitive or physical disabilities. There is also a socioeconomic component to this model; some disability can be considered as caused by the socioeconomic disadvantages that exist as society fails to correct this disparity.

• What are three factors that affect society’s determination of normalcy? (6 points)

There are three basic factors which determine societal normalcy: The first is the characteristics which are to be judged. The second is the environment surrounding the various characteristics. The third factor individual who are making the judgment.

• Blaska talks about speaking and writing using person first language.

What does Smart have to say about this? (4 points)

The chronology of words affect the imagery conjured by the reader.

Does she agree or disagree? Explain your answers. (4 points)

She agrees. The sequence of the words and the point of view of the author is very important to the imagery created.

• In his article, Zola discusses the idea of recontextualizing names. Briefly describe what he means by this.  If he identifies negative and positive aspects of this concept, please describe one of either type. (5 points)

Emile Zola pointed to the fact that the judiciaries made many mistakes, filling in gaps from lack of genuine evidence. Recontextualizing allows negative memories to come forth and fill in ideas that are not made evident by actual proof. Positive recontextualizing renders opposite results, instead forcing positive memories to form unidentified evidence.

• Is it important to understand the concept of “eugenics”? If so, why? (4 points)

The concept of eugenics has negative and positive forms. Positive eugenics means the procreation of those who are ‘desirable’. Negative eugenics involves the extermination of any race or class considered ‘undesirable’.

• How does your answer help you become a more effective practioner either directly or indirectly? (4 points)

Eugenics would be acceptable in the positive form. As seen with genetic predisposition and genetic screening, the  horrible disabilities some children are born with are heinous malformations.

• Select two models of disability (other than environmental) from the Power point presentation or from the Smart book and describe each. Then point out the strengths and weakness of each. (8 points)

Functional Model: The functions of the perceiving individual create the denotation of the concept of disability. If a person was very physically active, he        would be more affected by a disability than a person who lives a sedentary lifestyle.

Biomedical Model: This model of disability uses physician expertise to define the course of treatment for the disabled individual

• Smart discusses the concept of spread or overgeneralization in her chapter on prejudice and discrimination.

What is the definition she lays out and how does this affect people with disabilities? (4 points)

The overgeneralization of prejudice and discrimination has muddled the true merit of this societal problem. Kneejerk political correctness has made a joke of an issue that genuinely deserves consideration.

She has attested to the fact that the category of disability has been too broadly cast.

• In what way does this involve people without disabilities? (4 points)

People without disabilities have a presumptive insensitivity and inability to truly empathize with the disabled. It is not necessary to endure an injury in order to understand what an individual is going through. The accommodations being made for people with disabilities are infact giving disadvantages to non-disabled.

• Smart discusses various sources of prejudice. Identify and briefly describe four sources. (8 points)

Direct Intergroup Conflict – attribution of characteristic to a certain group of people

Social Learning – classifying people by attributes

Social Categorizations – prophetic stereotyping

illusory correlation – negative  correlations

Economic Threat

Safety Threat

• Based on the various readings, how does prejudice towards people with disabilities come about? (5 points)

There are positive and negative prejudices. A person may becoming ‘overly helpful’ or overly ‘coddling’ with a person with a           disability. A negative prejudice could show itself in avoidance or even curt     interactions – a feeling of superiority in the able-bodied individual.

• When one of your 50-year-old customers, who is newly visually impaired, suddenly begins to dress and act like she is more like 21, she is most likely demonstrating the use of the PDM termed _Regression Reverting. (2 points)
• A PDM characterized by shifting the blame for a negative behavior to someone who is a vulnerable substitute is termed _Displacement Shifting. (2 points)
• The proper way that professionals should address a person with a disability, whether writing or speaking, which demonstrates proper respect for him or her as a person is termed, _Person First Discussion. (2 points)
• Based on your readings, is the answer to number 13 always correct? Explain why regardless of your answer. (5 points)

Yes, those wholly explain the answer to where prejudices are derived from.

• The PDM that is focused on and exploited by rehabilitation professionals to assist customers to adjust to acquired disabilities is, _Compensation_Nullification. (2 points)
• A PDM characterized by giving socially acceptable reasons for unacceptable behaviors is termed _Rationalization Justifying. (2 points)
• Define the PDM, Identification. Give an example of what a consumer might say which exemplifies this PDM. Come up with your own example. (5 points)

A consumer identifies his own issues

• Define the, Projection. Give an example of what a consumer might say which exemplifies this PDM. Come up with your own example. (5 points)

Projection is  ascribing behaviors to other because the characteristic is typical of oneself. If one is a pathological liar, for example, he will assume that all others are lying constantly because he himself does. Likewise, a drug addict assumes everyone else is on drugs as well simply because he takes drugs himself.

• Define the PDM, reaction formation. Give an example of what a consumer might say which exemplifies this PDM. Come up with your own example. (5 points)

Reaction formation is the practice of moral acts  contrary to what one truly believes. This can be seen in the suppression of some homosexuals who are Christians, who suppress their feelings toward others of the same sex because they feel it is morally wrong.

• Clark suggests that one can modify defense mechanisms through counseling. While I know you are not a counselor in the therapeutic way, but identify the three sequential stages of the counseling process and what it means to you in interacting with your own consumers. (5 points)

Clark discusses the three stages of modifying defense mechanisms. The first stage is denial, which is the rejection of any liability for the commission of a wrong act. The second stage is displacement which is shift the original goal to a substitute. The third is identification which is the assumption another person who is idealized and his actions. Knowing these stages of defense mechanisms brings a patience that can help me to deal with consumers.

• In the context of rehabilitation, are PDM’s good or bad? Discuss this idea in two or three sentences. (4 points)

PDMs are very helpful in the context of rehabilitation. Any time a model is used to try to better society, it is good. Sometimes these models are misguided and need modification. But the intention remains the same: The betterment of society and the rectification of societal problems.