What Is an EIA Test? Case Study Example

What is an EIA test? Does a positive EIA mean that C.Q. definitely has HIV?

The EIA (Enzyme Immune Assay) test is used to diagnose an HIV infection. However, it is merely an initial test and if results are positive, additional testing is done using the Western Blot test. Although the EIA test is very sensitive, it is not specific, thus necessitating a second test in order to reduce the chance of false positives.

You explain to C.Q. that one of her tests needs to be repeated and you need to draw another blood sample. Why wouldn’t you tell C.Q. that her first test result was positive and that another test is needed before the diagnosis can be confirmed?

Telling CQ that her results are positive would be premature as another test is indicated in order to confirm the diagnosis of HIV. Telling CQ that her first result was positive would only bring about anxiety.

C.Q.’s statement is based on 3 assumptions: (1)J. is HIV positive, (2) he intentionally withheld the information from her, and (3) he intentionally transmitted the HIV to her through unprotected sex. Based on your knowledge of HIV infection, how would you counsel C.Q.?

It is important to counsel CQ based on the facts regarding HIV infection such as the fact that the infected person may remain asymptomatic for several months. Emotional support should be given and it is important to remain non-judgmental and provide information on relevant services that offer professional counseling.

In addition to offering alternative explanations and exploring options, what is your most important role at this time?

At this time, it is important to be supportive and offer health advice and information regarding HIV and its sequelae. C.Q must be informed of services that are available for HIV positive individuals and to seek regular medical check ups.

Identify at least three issues related to (R/T) C.Q.’s care.

1. Comprehensive care is essential in people living with HIV. At each stage of the disease, people may have different health care needs and issues. Regular meetings with the health care team are therefore essential in order to establish goals and outcomes.
2. Discrimination affects individuals living with HIV especially in opportunities for employment. An open and honest attitude is essential is dealing with these patients
3. Counseling is found to be very helpful in helping people with HIV come to terms with this disease and find ways to lead normal and healthy lives as much as possible. Counseling could help promote a positive self-image despite one’s illness and move towards achievement of desired outcomes.

C.Q. has had a positive EIA test and is seropositive for HIV. Why doesn’t she have signsand symptoms (S/S) of AIDS?

AIDS is caused by HIV and could take some time to develop as it occurs during the late stages of HIV infection. HIV positive individuals could maintain an intact and healthy immune system, depending on their general health condition.

What are some of the acute signs and symptoms of an HIV infection?

Signs and symptoms of HIV infection may include fever, headache, easy fatigability, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, rash, nausea, as well as enlarged lymph nodes in the groin, neck or armpits.

Why is it a good idea for C.O. to have someone she trusts transport her home thisevening?

It is important to have another person to accompany C.Q home in order to ensure her safety. Having received such profound news could affect her psychologically and another person should see to it that she gets home safely and to provide much needed emotional and psychological support.

Has C.Q.’s right to privacy been violated? Explain why or why not.

CQ’s right to privacy has not been violated because no information was divulged to the other person regarding her current medical condition.

C.Q. returns to the office 4 days later to discuss her diagnosis. What issues will you discuss with her at this time?

Issues that need to be discussed include treatment goals ad outcomes, establishment of routine medical check ups, and referral to services that provide additional help to people  living with AIDS. \

Does C.Q. have a legal responsibility to inform ]. ofher HIV status?

If C.Q is to engage in sexual intercourse again with J, she has to let him know that she has HIV and must use protective barriers (such as condoms) during the sexual act.