Peripartum Cardiac Related Side Effects of Oxytocin, Research Proposal Example

Introduction

The cardiovascular influences of oxytocin with regards to animal respondents and females experiencing the Caesarean section procedure involve a reduction in cardiac output, tachycardia and hypotension. These side effects are sufficient enough to be the causal attribute in patients of an elevated risk category. Oxytocin is supplied to females in order to decrease exsanguination. In the circumstances where it is provided as a quick intravenous botus, it has the secondary effect of tachycardia and hypotension. The cardiovascular side effects of oxytocin have been extensively researched (Moran 1051; Thomas 116). The subject of the research proposal are the side effects on the cardiovascular system of oxytocin induced labor.

Notwithstanding, there is disagreement with regards to the mechanisms that are the casual attribute of the side effects of oxytocin. Research has demonstrated that chlorobutanol is one of the attributers of the changes in the hemodynamic composition (Thomas 116). Oxytocin is in the category of hormones which are nona peptides. Oxytocin is a regulator in the cardiovascular activities (Gutkowska 625). The oxytocin receptor has been demonstrated to be one of the members of the category of vasopressin receptors. The vasopressin receptors compose a subcategory of the receptors which are paired with G- Protein (Gutkowski 629).

Research has demonstrated that the peripartum mortalities in the developed nations are scarce. When the mortalities from peripartum death are incurred, the reasons are normally investigated. Ischemic disease and myocardial infarctions have been the attributors of 2.31 mortalities per 100,000 maternity ward visits. The maternal mortalities that are incurred are the iceberg´s tip (Smith 30).

Specific Aims

One hundred and twenty two perinatal mortalities were reviewed. Of the one hundred and twenty deaths, eight had a causal attribute of excessive uterine activity as a result of the ingestion of oxytocin. These eight mortalities were avoidable due to the supervision of fetal heart indexes. The statistic demonstrates the requisite for increased fetal cardiovascular monitoring during the administration of oxytocin (Beard and Steer 571). The enhancement in the absolute hazards that have linked to the application of oxytocin during delivery have been exsanguination during delivery and hypertension (Prescrire International 31).

The implementation of oxytocin during the natal process has been correlated with an increase of 8.3% in perinatal mortality. Oxytocin manifests an adverse risk to benefit proportion in the nations of Western Africa. These statistics infer that the use of oxytocin should be avoided (Prescrire International 31). Studies have demonstrated that during the administration of oxytocin, there is an increased requisite for the supervision of the heart rates and exsanguination. Oxytocin should be applied cautiously during perinatal delivery (Anne Arundel Medical Center 1).

Preliminary Studies

Research has demonstrated that the administration of oxytocin during the peripartum process is the causal attribute of a substantive augmentation of the heart rate. . In addition, the administration of oxytocin during the peripartium stage induces a faster pulse and a decline in the average arterial pressure (Svanström 683). A dosage of ten intravenous units of oxytocin administered in a bolus has the outcome of transient deep tachycardia, hypotension, and concomitant manifestations of myocardial ischemia (Ross and Baker 46; Svanström 683).

Studies have demonstrated that a conventional complaint of patient who have been administered oxytocin during the peripartum process is the inability to breathe and the perception of pressure upon their chests. These are identical complaints which have been lodged by patients with regards to the experience of myocardial ischemia. The perception of restrictions in breathing and the pressure upon the torso are characteristics of myocardial ischemia (Ross and Baker 46). It has been discovered that the decrease in ST depression which is concomitant with the chest discomfort has not been connected with damage incurred to the myocardial tissue.  This characteristics has been manifest in the respondents who have chosen Caesarian section as evaluated by the CK- MB indexes (Ross and Baker 50).

Methodology

The methodology applied involved the use of a control group and an experimental group. A randomized doubled blind empirical approach was used.  The number of participants in the group was composed of fifty healthful females. All of the participants were at full term pregnancies and selected to experience Caesarean section with anesthesia administered to the spinal area. Twenty five respondents were selected at random from the group. Half of the respondents in the control group were administered methylergometrine (Svanström 684).

The members of the experimental group were administered oxytocin. In addition, twelve women who were not pregnant were delegated oxytocin an overt manner in the absence of anesthesia. In order to conduct the experiment, an approved consent form was distributed to all respondents in the study (Svanström 684). The assessment was performed in the twelve healthful non pregnant women using the identical procedures that had been applied in the groups administered oxytocin and methylergometrine. Assessments were taken prior and subsequent to the delegation of the methylergometrine and oxytocin dosages (Svanström 684).

Works Cited

Anne Arundel Medical Center. ¨Guidelines for use of intravenous oxytocin (Pitocin) in emergency department. Anne Arundel Medical Center, 2015. Web. 25 September 2015.

Bear, R. and P.J. Steer. ¨Induction of labour and perinatal mortality.¨ British Medical Journal 2.6085(1977): 516- 517.

Gostkowski, J., M. Jankowski, S., Macadam- Dasher et al. ¨Oxytocin is a cardiovascular hormone.¨ Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 33.1(2000): 625-633.

Johnson, M., U Hanson, C. Lindel et al. ¨ST depression at Caesarian section and the relation to oxytocin doses: A randomised controlled trial.¨ BJOG 117.1(2010): 76- 83.

Moran, C., M. Ni Bhuinneain, M. Geary et al. ¨Myocardial ischaemia in normal patients undergoing elective Caesarian section: A peripartum assessment.¨Anaesthesia 56.1(2001): 1051- 1058.

Prescire International. ¨Perinatal mortality in West Africa due to inappropriate medicalization.¨ Prescrire International 13.69(2004): 31.

Svanström, M.C., B. Biber, M. Hanes, et al. ¨Signs of myocardial ischaemia after injection of oxytocin randomized double-blind comparison of oxytocin and methylergmetrine         during Caesarian section.¨ British Journal of Anaesthesia 100.5(2008): 683- 689.