Women Representation, Research Proposal Example

Introduction

Over the years, human rights for women and their representation in election policies have become more common in international affairs. The International Community and its specialist institutions have earned varying treatment. In the United Nations Charter and the Human Rights Declaration, the concept of equality for men and women is accepted. Nonetheless, the international affirmations of freedom and equal opportunities for both men and women appear to undermine institutional structures and countries worldwide on the topics of women’s engagement. Current data indicates that most women still have roles to play in both government and leadership positions. However, their representation is not still up to the expectations. This research investigates how the appointment of women politicians improves the average needs of other women in society. The election of female officials to a political office increases average well-being for women living in their respective states. It acts as a motivation and opens doors for them as future leaders.

The argument that women will improve the health of another individual, which can significantly increase the social, social, and economic growth of nations, is supported by adequate facts. This recognition led to initiatives by policymakers complemented by CSOs, NGOs, MIIs, and people at the micro-, micro-, and macro-level to make such potential a reality (Quresh, 2015).

Women today have more influence all over the planet than ever. Men also control decision-making, but the number of female parliamentarians and cabinets, police and justice powers, structured jobs, and schooling increases. It is necessary to promote women’s infamous and political roles, but it does not signify that they have actual influence. Women also experience misogyny and racism in public life. In the industries and occupations with the most power bureaucracies like the United States of America, women are less represented.

This two-year study project on women and decision-making leadership, financed by the DFID, aims to recognize and impede women’s access and substantial influence in societal and political policymaking procedures in developed countries (Hill, 2017). As is always thought, the leadership of women advances equity of women and the health of women more generally. It was also considered in the project. In this context, this research explores women in political life and public positions in general because of their semiotic connection to the political body. This work examines women’s involvement and prominent presence. This point will enhance awareness of the “facts on the ground” and respond adequately to resolve the defined problems among key players such as the government, the political parties, state organizations, and civil society organizations.

Literature Review

According to Hulme (2013), a British scholar alludes that several factors promote and determine women’s ability to ascend to higher ranks in terms of power. The dimensions can be grouped into cultural, social, economic, and political. Even though the stated dimensions categorize the analysis, they also play a part in influencing the ability of women to access legislative arenas. Besides, the influential women who gain access to these offices develop policies aimed at accessing and reaching more women to join them in power. However, Fallon, Swiss, and Viterna, 2012), American Sociologists in their book, Resolving the democracy paradox state, focus on the linkages between government women and general public health, which are often associated with actions such as child and maternal mortality. Is Critical Mass one of the most outstanding publications? The association between female participation in government posts and the dependent variable of health results in immunization and baby survival rates is discussed in the Women Political Illustration and Health of Child in Developing nations (Swiss, 2012). This research assessed democracy interventions in conjunction with what is regarded as the “critical mass” to ascertain improved access to health. Therefore, social security was more directly related to women’s electoral participation or the democratic development of the developing world. A critical mass relates to the amount of support a party has to gain in social-political representation to manipulate policy decisions towards their interests successfully.

As per the analysis, the chosen health indicators have a more apparent developmental connection than improvements in democratization figures based on scales like the Polity IV to accomplish the determined critical mass of a certain percentage of women legislative participation (Hill, & Wheat, 2017). The pivotal study neglected to assess any further measuring of well-being, democratization, and crucial mass achievement, which may theoretically show significant social security shortcomings that researchers do not investigate. Moreover, Halder (2004) agrees that access to health care is an effective indicator of the development of social safety in a society. These additional measures may provide statistical data such as sexual harassment, alphabetical ratios, equality of wages, pay inequalities, and gender differences in higher education and competitive careers.

According to (Mishler 2005), Schwindt-Bayer has identified the holistic representation of women as multidimensional and intertwined, albeit divided into four related subcategories- formal presentation or selection of representatives; descriptive phrase, or accurately reflected by representatives, the populations in which these represent. However, Moshikaro (2019), in the African Life with Known and Unknown Love Partners, performed a research analysis in 31 democratically developing countries, equate descriptive representation with realistic representation through the measurement of legislative efficiency and receptiveness, and found less than the expected results. The developing nations have launched research that would further demonstrate the model’s efficacy in less-developed countries where progress can be made for better social protection.

Theory

In this research article, some hypotheses were explicitly outlined to examine how the choice of woman elected officers raises the average well-being of women residing in their respective countries. Choosing female politicians boosts the overall well-being of their fellow females living in those nations. Besides, the study was also meant to assess the cases on women’s representation in both developed and emerging countries through several analytical tools that can provide a detailed view of the rights and well-being of women. Previous studies indicate that democratic women’s election to elective positions significantly impacts laws and state programming to support female access to primary schooling (Qureshi, Dixon, & Wood, 2015). The independent variable describes the number of female public officers in various legislatures in different countries. NGOs are supposed to participate in the campaigning for female issues, education, and sexual inclusion in human rights violations. This has a potential effect on women’s health by contacting policy and the people themselves. They do not always adopt the same methods or enforce the same kinds of interventions across countries, even through various organizations.

Quantitative Design

The hypothesis explored in this design is how the election of women into leadership positions raises their overall well-being in each nation. This design is essential as it shows how often women are placed in various roles and their immediate impact in motivating their peers to progress. Therefore, an analytical device will be applied as the principal agent in this sample. A group of individuals represents the unit of research for this report. An analytical model aims at locating evidence to measure the dependent variable that provides the required details, both before and after one or more women’s delegates occupied a leading role in the government office, formerly filled by men (Arat, 2015). To assess these data, I will include adjustments that emerge when woman leaders have been elected over time since data changes and the divergences of industrialized and developing countries – developed countries probably have more data because women have been in their office more often. Measurement of the independent variables justifies the accuracy and reliability of the data. Because of the extensive literature study on gender inequalities in politics, I intend to locate existing information that indicates what, where and how many female decision-makers in a given state have been elected. This work will be continuous (number of female public officials), and I want to review details of the duration and consequences of women’s political presence.

Web pages, databases like JSTOR and PubMed, and surveys will track the data to be reviewed. Research on secondary and tertiary female enrolment before and after women’s representatives (s) should also present the structure of each country’s education system when interpreting figures and data between countries. States may differ in the levels of primary, secondary, and tertiary education they offer. It is crucial to consider the extent and levels of education in each state and how it is linked to potential job opportunities for women (Hill, & Wheat, 2017). In this study, the natural experimental test would be the best design to be applied. My Theory is that democracy influences laws and state programs to support people’s welfare and well-being, as determined by figures such as gender pay differences, sexual assault rates, gender job differences, and secondary education. The access of women to education outside primary school is a particular test that is intended for study.

Therefore, no other player should influence the welfare of women in each state, including NGOs, to exclude the confusing variables. However, based on the level of NGO intervention in the society, it may be hard to determine if the increased educational findings are induced purely by NGOs or state guidelines in the interests of assessing the hypothesis (Hulme, 2013). It is significant to analyze the discrepancies between state-led initiatives or NGO-led education programs and only include the government-led in the study.

Often women don’t participate in politics. Women’s presence in politics in Bangladesh is minimal because they have had only two leading women at the helm. The low degree of political institutionalization and the absence of appropriate male heirs have given Sheik Hasina and Khaleda Zia the highest leadership roles in the government and opposition in their family relations (Halder, 2007). They have solved the challenges that women otherwise face in politics by their family ties. Why are women in politics in Bangladesh not more prominent? When women are involved in governance, what are the problems? In the public sector and the social domain of patriarchy, the difficulties faced by women in politics in Bangladesh are more complex.

Descriptive inclusion gives women’s organizations benefits. The improved communications and experience of descriptive members improve their substantive expression of the Community’s desires in contexts of group distrust and interests by increasing the level of deliberation. Descriptive representation helps establish a social significance of the “right to govern” in past democratic subordination and low de facto authority. It strengthens the attachment of the party participants to politics (Schwindt-Bayer, & Mishler, 2005). In certain historical circumstances, payment of certain costs makes more sense when implementing explicit representation requires such costs of other principles.

Qualitative study

This case study outlines women’s political engagement in the SADC (South American Development Community) areas. It revealed that political representation is much higher in the SADC region than in Africa and other parts, as calculated by the percentage of women holding parliamentary seats. It is remarkable, but it is also apparent that some of the world’s poorest actors are also in the SADC ground regarding females’ political involvement. In addition, the average of 30% above the African level is just halfway to the goal of 50% of women as expected in the 2008 Gender and Development Protocol (Moshikaro, 2019). Women and men are fully and equally involved in political decision-making and have an equilibrium that represents society’s structure more precisely, especially when given the public platforms. The inclusivity of women in leadership increases the integrity of political institutions by making them more inclusive and open to the needs and viewpoints of all sectors of society.

The findings indicate that worker representation, the functioning of government, democratic culture, and total political participation have positive ties with the political involvement of women, based on the pooled dynamic panel of OLS and GMM in 14 SADC countries over the period 2010 to 2017. Further results demonstrated a detrimental association between civil liberty, human growth, democratic processes, and pluralism in gender and women. The paper makes the following suggestions based on these findings.

The government ought to include political parties to guarantee that more women are included on their list of nominees. Political parties should become an institutional vehicle, significantly facilitating the involvement of women in politics inside and throughout the electoral cycles of the political parties. Secondly, women ought to be more active in awareness-raising efforts. Women should be trained and told that civic engagement is not exclusive to elections and mobilization. They will need to realize that women and men can participate equally to achieve equitable, democratic engagement.

Moreover, policymakers can give more resources to independent women lawmakers and political parties with a large and agreed number of female members. It would enhance the involvement of women in political parties. Subsequently, the policymakers would be encouraging women’s economic empowerment. With women emancipated economically, they can make autonomous choices, and it can pave the way for them to become politically active without their male counterparts being limited.

In conclusion, the essay discussed how the election of female officials to a political office increases the average well-being of women living in their respective states. Indeed, that is true because the availability of women in top positions in government is motivation and an opportunity for their leads to either draft them in or pave the way for them in the future. The case study is representative because it covers a wide geographic area of the world and clarifies women’s leadership in all regions.

References

Arat, Z. F. K. (2015). Feminisms, women’s rights, and the UN: Would achieving gender equality empower women?. American Political Science Review, 674-689.

Fallon, K. M., Swiss, L., & Viterna, J. (2012). Resolving the democracy paradox: Democratization and women’s legislative representation in developing nations, 1975 to 2009. American Sociological Review, 77(3), 380-408.

Halder, N. (2004). Female representation in parliament: A case study from Bangladesh. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies, 6, 27-63.

Hill, L. H., & Wheat, C. A. (2017). The influence of mentorship and role models on university women leaders’ career paths to the university presidency. The Qualitative Report, 22(8), 2090.

Hulme, D. (2013). Making a Difference: NGO’s and Development in a Changing World. Routledge.

Moshikaro, A. (2019). African Life with Known and Unknown Love Partners. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Qureshi, M. E., Dixon, J., & Wood, M. (2015). Public policies for improving food and nutrition security at different scales. Food Security, 7(2), 393-403.

Schwindt-Bayer, L. A., & Mishler, W. (2005). An integrated model of women’s representation. The Journal of politics, 67(2), 407-428.